The urbanization process in Brazil, especially from the second half of the twentieth century onward, brought a series of challenges resulting from the lack of adequate urban planning. Rural exodus and rapid demographic growth led many cities to face problems such as improper land use, high consumption of natural resources, excessive energy use, and increased waste production. These issues were exacerbated by the lack of infrastructure and services in peripheral areas, causing low-income populations to occupy regions unsuitable for urbanization, such as hillsides and flood-prone zones. Additionally, the model of fragmented urban expansion generated socio-spatial inequalities, an unequal distribution of resources, and the continuous advance of the urban footprint over rural and natural areas. As a result, rural–urban transition areas emerged—intermediate spaces between the urban and rural realms, characterized by a mixture of elements from both contexts. Although these areas hold specific potentials, they also experience conflicts and disputes involving social actors and the real estate market, often with limited public-sector intervention. The absence of clear territorial planning regulations contributes to the ambiguity of these areas: while rural regulations tend to be permissive, urban norms are more restrictive, placing transition areas in a regulatory limbo. The ineffectiveness of territorial planning regarding these spaces—particularly when considering the Master Plans—intensifies the dispersed and fragmented territorial model and heightens environmental, urban, and social inequalities. This research aims to analyze how rural–urban transition areas are addressed in the Federal District, where these spaces hold a distinct condition marked by specific conflicts, opportunities, and dynamics. The specific objectives of the study include analyzing the zoning guidelines assigned to rural areas in each of the Master Plans reviewed; identifying advances and setbacks in the protection and use of these areas; investigating the impacts of rural zoning on the preservation of these spaces in the face of urbanization; and highlighting rural potentialities and the importance of territorial planning. The methodology adopts both theoretical and practical approaches, including bibliographic review, analysis of the Master Plans, mapping of urban expansion over rural areas, field visits to examine the condition of transition areas, and comparison of collected data with the on-the-ground reality. The expected outcome is the construction of a critical overview of how rural–urban transition areas have been treated, particularly within the Master Plans of the Federal District, contributing to a better understanding and approach to these areas in the context of territorial planning and public policy formulation.

This dissertation investigates the inclusion of architectural design in Civil Engineering undergraduate programs at federal higher education institutions in Brazil. The research is organized around three axes: the historical, regulatory, and comparative contextualization of the relationship between architecture and engineering; the quantitative and qualitative mapping of the Pedagogical Course Plans of 125 federal institutions; and the examination of international experiences of integration between the two fields, including dual-degree programs. The results show that courses with architectural design content are present in 87 of the 125 programs analyzed, with significant variation in terms of workload, mandatory or elective status, thematic approaches, and the broader context in which this teaching takes place. The analysis of course syllabi reveals the diversity of content covered in these courses and the different ways in which architectural design is addressed across programs. The configuration observed is associated with a historical and regulatory ambiguity that grants each institution considerable latitude in defining the role of architectural design within the curriculum. Drawing on the articulation between empirical findings and international references, the study organizes a set of curricular insertion possibilities, arranged by levels, with the aim of broadening the debate and opening new horizons for programs that wish to deepen the presence of architectural design in their curricula.

During the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-1985), numerous government plans, programs, and actions were formulated with the aim of developing and integrating the Amazon region, promoting territorial occupation processes through targeted migration and encouraging urbanization processes in the Legal Amazon. In this context, this study aims to capture this territorial appropriation through the various state mechanisms implemented that enabled, among countless other results, the creation of the Humboldt Scientific City, in northern Mato Grosso, during the 1970s, within the scope of the National Development Plans (PNDs). Influenced by developmentalist and ecological paradigms, the state project, by bringing together scientists in the middle of the forest, reflected both the global context of the militarization of science and the emergence of environmental concerns. Under these conditions, the urban utopia faced operational and practical challenges, leading to its early abandonment, culminating in its emptying and disappearance. Based on historical research using primary and oral sources, bibliographic and iconographic references, this work seeks to reveal how Humboldt's Scientific City expresses the tensions between developmentalist ideas and environmental preservation, as well as the conflicts between economic growth, territorial occupation, and conservation of the Amazon biome. By revisiting this experience in the forest, the research contributes to the debate on the limits and contradictions of state developmentalist policies for the Amazon, whose effects and dilemmas remain present today.

The residential blocks of Brasília’s superquadras, in their various forms, are a characteristic building typology of the heritage city. Many of them reflect the period of architectural research and production that marked the construction of the capital; though, they don’t have legal protection. The need for updates, combined with the undervalue of aging modernist architecture results in successive interventions on these buildings, which often lose defining features of their original designs. Faced, however with so many buildings of the same category, how can one understand the numerous interventions carried out on these blocks, case by case? From here, the focus shifts to R2, a partnership between architect Milton Ramos and the Rabello construction company. In 1970, this project has been materialized in 38 replicas of the same prefabricated building. The large number of these superquadra blocks allows for an analysis of the different forms of intervention they have gone through and their motivations, which sometimes coincide. This situation serves as a starting point for reflecting on the preservation of replicated buildings, through the concepts of value, time and aura brought by Alois Riegl, Cesare Brandi and Walter Benjamin, respectively. Then, based on photographic and documentary surveys and case studies, this research reflects upon possible preservation solutions for the blocks of the Plano Piloto in the face of increasing interventions.

The current context of climate change, which has generated significant social and economic losses for cities, has placed the issue of socio-environmental risks at the forefront in recent years. This scenario presents challenges that unfold into innovations in the ways knowledge is produced regarding actions aimed primarily at disaster prevention and mitigation. In this regard, this study sought to explore the contributions of hydrological–hydraulic modeling as a tool to support the development of community-based risk management processes and climate adaptation in environmentally fragile areas. To this end, the analysis was conducted through a case study of the application of hydrological–hydraulic modeling in the project for developing the Community Risk Management and Reduction Plan for the Sol Nascente Housing Sector—specifically Section 3—located in the Federal District. The study adopted a theoretical approach grounded in two main reflections: (1) critical thinking based on an understanding of socio-environmental risks as social constructs; and (2) sociotechnical integration as a promising pathway for addressing socio-environmental challenges. Accordingly, the methodological design was structured around sociotechnical integration and consisted of the following stages: (i) socio-environmental characterization of the study area; (ii) configuration of the hydrological–hydraulic model, using PCSWMM (Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model) in this study; (iii) identification and delineation of hydrological risks based on current-scenario modeling; (iv) community participation through participatory workshops; (v) simulation of alternative scenarios incorporating different Nature Based Solutions (NbS); and (vi) analysis and discussion of the case study results. As a result, important findings and contributions were recorded regarding the integration between hydrological-hydraulic modeling and community participation for the management of socio environmental risks. It allowed for the analysis of the current situation of the study area, the prediction of the functioning of the drainage network under construction, and the estimation of flow values, as well as the identification of the locations most susceptible to flooding and flash floods. It also made it possible to quantify the reduction in surface runoff volumes in alternative scenarios with the implementation of nature-based solutions (NbS), indicating better intervention strategies. In parallel, the process contributed to empowering the population to face socio-environmental risks and climate change.

The crash that heralded the end of entire worlds in the São Francisco Valley did not come from the sky, but from the inexorable advance of the waters that devoured the landscape to fulfill their promise of “redemption”. For centuries, the river’s permanence in the heart of the semi-arid region shaped a civilizational bed that attracted communities and consolidated cities; from the 1970s onwards, however, the very waters that had founded them began to submerge them. With the rising energy demands of industrial centers, the hinterland was converted into a “sacrifice zone.” The “Drought Polygon” – stigmatized as a “problem region” – provided the political legitimacy for the construction of successive concrete walls that sank entire cities. This gesture is inscribed in the Capitalocene – a moment when the river is converted into a commodity and the basin into a field of expropriation – with the Sobradinho (1979) and Itaparica (1988) power plants as its emblems, resulting in the submersion of seven urban centers and the displacement of approximately 137,000 people. By chaining the Velho Chico, such engineering stemmed the pulse of the floods and ebbs, establishing a temporality that, like the river, became paralyzed. In this suspended time, the repressed experience of inhabiting only the past begins to continuously strain the present. Through the lens of Gilles Deleuze’s “crystal image” and Henri Bergson’s “duration,” this research investigates the circularity of a territory split by dams, where matter and memory return, configuring the rift between a virtually intact past and a materially fractured present.This rupture unfolds across four fractures: the environmental, in which the ancestral symbiosis between river, land, and man returns as a necrophagous circuit; the social, in which the state’s promise of progress and light is refracted into exile and reappears as “waiting”; the material, where new cities rise from the rubble of the old; and the memorial, in which the crack in the territory concentrates the fissure of trauma. Methodologically, the work combines history, urbanism, and sociology through critical cartography and a mosaic of voices (2021-2024). Beyond physical erasure, the research unveils a landscape of insistence where nothing has a beginning or an end; when the flood occurs from within, through the cracks opened by development, the dam overflows and life insists on sprouting – making death the substrate that sustains the eternal return of existence.

The Fazendinha is a cluster of wooden houses located in Vila Planalto, built during the early years of Brasília’s construction, between 1957 and 1960, as part of the camps that housed workers—particularly engineers and technicians responsible for building the capital. Understood here as an expression of a “candanga dwelling,” the Fazendinha constitutes a vestige of early forms of inhabiting the city. Within this context, the study investigates the conditions that enabled the permanence of this ensemble, originally conceived as temporary, by analyzing its relationship with the so-called candanga modern architecture, its socio spatial condition within the camps, and its historical trajectory. The research articulates a historical-interpretative approach—based on documentary, iconographic, and cartographic analysis—with configurational analytical procedures derived from Space Syntax, in order to understand the spatial organization of the dwellings and their implications for ways of inhabiting. The results reveal that the persistence of the Fazendinha constitutes a paradoxical phenomenon: although conceived as a temporary wooden architecture, linked to the transient logic of the camps, the ensemble became consolidated as a permanent form of dwelling. In this way, the study contributes to a broader understanding of provisional architecture in the formation of Brasília—one that endured and became part of the city’s material heritage—while also highlighting its role as a material support for the social dynamics that shaped the camps during the city’s construction and the continued presence of their inhabitants.

The construction sector is among the main contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, due to both the embodied carbon in materials and the energy consumption during building operation. In this context, low-carbon strategies become essential for the decarbonization of the sector, with particular emphasis on Photovoltaic Shading Devices (PVSD), which integrate active electricity generation with the passive function of solar protection. Using the LabZero – UnB demonstration building as a case study, this research investigates the contribution of PVSDs to the mitigation of carbon emissions over the building life cycle, considering the stages A1–A3, A4, A5, B4, B6, and C1–C4. The methodology is based on a simplified Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), following international standards, using the LCA Tool + EPDs (IEA EBC Annex 90 / SHC Task 70). The analysis was structured through material quantification and the estimation of embodied emissions, combined with thermo-energy simulations in DesignBuilder, allowing the evaluation of the impact of shading on building performance. Three analysis scenarios were defined: (1) building without solar protection; (2) building with a PVSD system; and (3) building with conventional shading. Additionally, a carbon balance was performed, considering the relationship between embodied emissions, operational emissions, and emissions avoided through on-site photovoltaic generation. Energy performance indicators, such as Energy Payback Time (EPBT) and Energy Return Factor (ERF), were also used to complement the analysis. The results indicate that shading strategies significantly contribute to the reduction of internal thermal loads. From an LCA perspective, although photovoltaic systems increase the building’s embodied emissions, their contribution during the operational phase promotes the reduction of life cycle emissions through energy generation. Furthermore, the scenario without solar protection presents higher operational emissions in absolute terms, while the PVSD scenario demonstrates the best overall performance when analyzed from a life cycle perspective. In energy terms, the PVSD system presents a payback time of less than one year and a high energy return factor, highlighting its efficiency over the building’s lifetime.

Urban infrastructures constitute fundamental systems for the organization and functioning of contemporary metropolitan territories. However, their interpretation has traditionally emphasized technical and operational aspects, often overlooking the landscapes produced by their implementation and by the relationships they establish with the territory. Based on this premise, this research investigates the infrastructural landscapes of Metropolitan Brasília, focusing on the Southwest Axis of the Federal District. Its main objective is to understand how railways, power transmission lines, and the metro system produce specific landscapes, and how these landscapes can be interpreted through a multiscalar reading of the territory. As its main theoretical and methodological contribution, the dissertation proposes the concept of infrastructural landscape as an analytical category for understanding the relationships between infrastructure, landscape, and territory. To achieve this, it develops a reading method based on the articulation between surface and thickness, integrating cartographic analysis, aerial imagery, cross-sections, field observations, and analytical redrawings. The application of this method enabled the identification of six landscape typologies—cut landscape, embankment landscape, easement landscape, station landscape, trail landscape, and in-between landscape—as well as the interpretation of three representative infrastructural urban nodes within Metropolitan Brasília: the Landscape Coordinate, the Crossroads, and the Horizon of Expansion. The findings demonstrate that infrastructures extend beyond their technical functions and actively shape the landscape by transforming topography, organizing open spaces, inducing urban occupation, structuring flows, and producing distinct spatial experiences. The research further demonstrates that understanding these landscapes requires a multiscalar reading capable of articulating different forms of territorial representation and observation, revealing relationships that remain difficult to perceive when infrastructures are analyzed as isolated technical objects. By shifting the focus from individual infrastructures to the relationships that connect lines, meshes, and nodes, this dissertation proposes a new way of reading Metropolitan Brasília, contributing to contemporary debates on infrastructure, landscape, and urbanization.

In 1957, the national competition for the Plano Piloto of Brasília — the urban plan for Brazil’s new capital — was won by Lucio Costa. In his proposal, the residential sector was structured around the superquadras, or residential superblocks, combined with local commerce, open areas, and shared public facilities. Between these superblocks, Costa planned strips of land intended for public and community facilities, although he did not yet name them as entrequadras (interblock areas). These spaces were part of a broader urban structure, informed by references such as the Garden City, the Neighborhood Unit, and modern urban planning debates on open spaces, collective housing, circulation, and facilities for everyday life. In the original proposal, the superquadras were not meant to function as isolated units, but rather as parts of residential groupings connected by local services, open spaces, and shared facilities. In this context, the areas later known as entrequadras would play an important role in mediating between the residential scale and collective urban life, accommodating uses such as schools, churches, cinemas, neighborhood clubs, and other community facilities. Despite this conception, their implementation was uneven: only the 107/307/108/308 Neighborhood Area came closer to the initially proposed model, while many of these areas remained unbuilt, received unexecuted projects, or had their uses modified over time. Through the survey and analysis of urban plans for these areas, as well as complementary projects, legislative changes, on-site visits, and secondary sources, this study seeks to trace and understand the transformations of the entrequadras from their formulation in the plan to their materialization and appropriation in the built city.

This research examines the formation of Brasília based on the hypothesis that the racial segregation embedded in the capital's urban structure was not a deviation from the modernist project but rather an integral part of its planning process. To develop this argument, the study begins from the premise that the production of urban space is not accomplished solely through plans, projects, and material interventions. Discourses, images, newspaper reports, and other forms of representation also produce the city by constructing interpretations of particular territories, legitimizing interventions, and establishing specific forms of spatial organization. From this perspective, the dissertation understands these elements as urban practices (Secchi and Farias Filho) and investigates their relationship with the concept of the device of raciality, formulated by Sueli Carneiro. This concept refers to the strategic articulation of discourses, institutions, and mechanisms that produce and sustain racial hierarchies. The study argues that such urban practices participated in the production and naturalization of the racial inequalities inscribed in Brasília's urban space. Within this theoretical framework, Vila do IAPI is taken as the central object of analysis. The research traces its formation, consolidation, and eradication between 1956 and 1971 in order to understand how particular urban practices simultaneously shaped the city's material production and constructed narratives capable of legitimizing processes of segregation, displacement, and erasure. Rather than investigating a single episode in Brasília's history, the study seeks to understand the mechanisms through which certain territories and social groups were incorporated into—or excluded from—the official narrative of the capital's formation. Building on this analysis, the dissertation proposes the notion of Administrative Region Zero as an interpretive framework for the history of Brasília. Vila do IAPI is presented not merely as a settlement that predated the capital in chronological terms, but as a fundamental territory for understanding the processes of occupation, labor, housing, and erasure that shaped the city's formation. This analytical framework serves a dual purpose: to reposition Vila do IAPI within Brasília's urban history and to recognize the central role of Black people in the making of the capital by highlighting presences, trajectories, and forms of city-making that have been historically silenced. By recovering this experience, the research demonstrates that the official narrative of Brasília erased territories and social actors whose existence both preceded and structured the capital itself. Methodologically, the dissertation combines bibliographical and documentary research with an in-depth investigation of archival sources. In addition to analyzing official plans and projects, legislation, and administrative documents, the research undertakes a systematic examination of newspaper articles published in Correio Braziliense, photographs, records produced by different institutions, and oral testimonies preserved by the Public Archive of the Federal District. These materials, often treated as supplementary sources, are instead considered central evidence for the investigation. Rather than serving merely as illustrations of historical events, they are examined as evidence of the disputes surrounding the production of the city, making it possible to confront official narratives, media representations, and the memories of the residents themselves. This methodological approach approximates an archaeology of the archives, privileging the cross-reading of diverse empirical records in order to understand how discourses, images, and testimonies participated in the construction of urban reality and in the consolidation of particular interpretations of Brasília.

This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological quality of clear condensate water generated by an air-conditioning system installed in a building at the University of Brasília, as well as to assess its potential for non-potable uses and propose treatment measures compatible with the quality standards established by current regulations. The study adopted an experimental and descriptive approach, with samples collected from condensate generated by an air-conditioning unit installed in the CEDIARTE Library, conveyed through the building’s piping system, and stored in a 200-L tank located in the building’s basement. Measurements of pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids were performed, in addition to microbiological analyses of heterotrophic bacteria, viable fungi, and Escherichia coli. The data were organized and subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and exploratory correlation analysis using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The results showed low values of electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids, with maximum values of 181.90 µS/cm and 121.87 mg/L, respectively, remaining below the reference values established for non-potable uses. pH showed greater variability, with values below 6.0 recorded in some samples. Escherichia coli was not detected in the analyzed samples, whereas heterotrophic bacteria and viable fungi were quantified in some samples, demonstrating the need for microbiological quality control. The analysis of the results, together with the scientific literature and regulatory requirements, supported the proposal of a treatment configuration comprising pH control, disinfection, and filtration for the retention of particles and impurities. The inclusion of viable fungi analysis is also noteworthy, as this parameter was scarcely addressed in the studies identified in the literature review concerning the microbiological quality of condensate from air-conditioning systems. It was concluded that clear condensate water showed potential for use in non-potable applications in buildings, provided that water quality is monitored and treatment measures compatible with the intended use are adopted. However, the results were not sufficient to demonstrate its suitability for human consumption, for which further characterization and specific treatment would be required.

The research investigates the residential architecture of Severiano Mário Porto, widely recognized for the strong integration of technique, culture, and the environment in the Brazilian Amazon. Grounded in the understanding that architectural design must simultaneously respond to social, cultural, and environmental constraints, the study argues that Severiano’s work constitutes an exemplary case of architecture adapted to the region’s hot and humid climate, combining vernacular strategies with modern solutions. The research seeks to address an existing gap by formulating four central questions: how Severiano designed housing projects; which elements recur as design patterns; how these patterns reconcile natural ventilation and daylighting with solar protection; and what environmental performance these solutions achieve. The study is based on the hypothesis that consistent design patterns exist in Severiano’s residential architecture, developed and refined throughout his career, resulting in high environmental performance and offering guidance for contemporary architectural practice in humid tropical climates.The methodological approach includes documentary research, preliminary analysis, definition of case studies, and computational simulations. A total of 91 distinct single-family housing typologies were identified, whose predominant characteristics include east–west orientation of the main façades, external masonry walls, and three main roof typologies (ceramic tiles with wooden ceilings in living spaces and concrete slabs in bedrooms, and fiber-cement tiles with wooden ceilings). The percentages of openings for ventilation (PV) and for daylighting (PT) vary, with a predominance of PV > PT in living rooms and the opposite relationship in bedrooms, indicating a greater emphasis on natural lighting in living spaces. The results indicate that the relationship between PV and PT is intrinsically linked to environmental performance in residential buildings within the climatic context of northern Brazil, revealing conflicts between the requirements for natural lighting and ventilation. By examining in depth examples of a well-established architectural body of work, this study highlights the richness of design solutions that emerge from the skillful combination of different envelope elements, resulting in projects that demonstrate expressive and effective responses to local climatic conditions.

The rapid evolution of urban information systems and the growth of cities have made urban environments extremely complex, while the large volumes of data directly affect the socio-spatial structure of these cities. Emerging technological changes offer a range of opportunities, including the rise of new paradigms such as City Information Modeling (CIM). Urban Information Systems provide solutions for urban management, especially with the aim of developing strategies to address the challenges of urban planning through the establishment of indicators that enable cities to achieve sustainable development. This dissertation presents the results of doctoral research developed using the Design Science Research method, which explores the development of a conceptual framework for CIM models and discusses solutions for applying these information models to urban analysis, urban governance, and smart urban management processes. A bibliographic survey of published articles was carried out, and protocols were developed for a systematic review, with the objective of identifying the artifacts present in the literature that support the development of CIM model construction, as well as their use in urban governance processes. In this research, the focus lies on investigating City Information Modeling (CIM) as a central approach to understanding how the use of information modeling technologies and data organization can support urban governance processes. This involves a series of interrelated aspects, ranging from planning decisions to the development of policies aimed at promoting more sustainable, resilient, inclusive, and intelligent cities. This study postulated that incorporating CIM into urban governance can drive the evolution of cities toward smart, resilient, and sustainable urban ecosystems. This would occur through advanced real-time urban data analysis, three-dimensional city modeling, and the adoption of data-driven decision making strategies. These measures would promote significant improvements in efficiency, urban inhabitants’ quality of life, and the resilience of metropolitan areas. The integration of computational tools into urban management aims to provide several contributions to the urban planning process, with a special focus on the diagnosis and design of urban spaces. However, it is observed that most applications of three-dimensional digital city models are still primarily concentrated on the representation of these models. The results also point to conceptual ambiguities surrounding the term “City Information Modeling,” as well as the latent difficulties involved in applying these methodologies to smart urban governance. This doctoral dissertation proposes a collaboration model for urban governance processes centered on CIM. By analyzing and synthesizing the challenges faced by urban governance processes, this research offers a conceptual framework to promote collaboration among urban actors. In this context, advances in technologies and processes have enabled the emergence of additional computational resources, helping to solve complex challenges related to the effectiveness of urban planning. With the progress of 3D modeling technologies and the increasing availability of geospatial data, 3D digital city models have become an indispensable tool for urban planning, resource management, and decision-making. In this scenario, a protocol was developed to establish a systematic process for the development of the case study, focusing on the identification of the parameters and data of each existing model. The comprehensive and integrated digital approach to the city aims to support urban planning, management, and decision-making. Urban diagnosis and analysis are important steps for understanding the urban context and identifying requirements and objectives for CIM development. This is especially important for creating a 3D Urban Digital Inventory Model (CIM). In view of this, the definition and implementation of a p

This thesis investigates walkability in the central area of Brasília, Federal District, especially in the surroundings of the Plano Piloto Bus Terminal, understanding it as a relational socio-spatial condition rather than an exclusively physical attribute of the built environment. It is based on the premise that walking depends on the articulation between spatial structure, the material quality of routes, travel time, access to urban opportunities, and the capitals mobilized by subjects. The research articulates Space Syntax Theory (SST), Place Syntax, and Bourdieu’s theory of capitals, expanded through the debates on Spatial Capital proposed by Marcus and Spatial Capital of Flows (CAflu) proposed by Holanda. Methodologically, it adopts a mixed-methods approach, consisting of configurational modeling of the pedestrian network, using NAIN and NACH; accessibility modeling, using Reach and Attraction Reach; morphological assessment through iCam 2.0; a structured questionnaire, with 242 valid responses; and systematic multilevel pedestrian counts around the Bus Terminal. The results show that a favorable configurational position does not guarantee good material walkability, nor does it, in isolation, explain the observed flows, especially due to the strength of the Bus Terminal as an exceptional metropolitan attractor. The socio-spatial inequality of pedestrians is predominantly organized as cumulative reinforcement: network position, travel time, socioeconomic condition, and access to opportunities tend to overlap. In this context, the Brasilia contradiction of urban mobility appears as an analytically relevant exception, rather than as a dominant rule. As an analytical synthesis, the thesis proposes the Pedestrian Socio-spatial (Dis)advantage Index (IDSP), which ranks the Administrative Regions of the Federal District according to degrees of socio-spatial advantage and disadvantage. The thesis concludes that the potential structured by urban form is not automatically converted into the effective appropriation of routes: space may be common, but its appropriation remains unequal.

This dissertation aims to analyze housing policies from a gender and sexuality perspective, focusing on cisgender women in vulnerable social situations and the LGBTQIA+ population. Using the Argentine program Habitar en Igualdad as a paradigmatic case reference in Latin America, created in 2021 in the province of La Rioja, the research rethinks public housing policies to provide dignified and inclusive housing to individuals historically marginalized and precarized by society. The theoretical framework is based on the intersections between architecture, urbanism, and queer studies, highlighting authors such as Judith Butler (2012), Michel Foucault (2002), Paul Preciado (2000), Monique Wittig (1980), and Beatriz Colomina (1992). The dissertation promotes a theoretical shift in architecture and urbanism studies, encouraging reflection on housing for cisgender women victims of domestic violence and the gender-dissident community. Additionally, it challenges heteronormative concepts within housing policies, seeking to deconstruct binary gender norms and heterocentric structures that perpetuate the precarity of these lives. Despite progress, especially in Argentina, significant barriers remain to the implementation of inclusive housing policies in Brazil and Latin America. The connection between queer theory and housing policies offers the possibility to expand the boundaries of conventional urbanism debates, inspiring new perspectives and broadening the scope of action for architects, urban planners, and urban managers in addressing contemporary urban challenges.

This dissertation addresses the importance of architecture and urbanism collections as fundamental elements for the preservation of cultural memory and for understanding the creative, technical, political, and social processes involved in architectural production. Focusing on the archives of the Instituto de Arquitetos do Brasil (IAB), guarded in Brasília, the work explores the challenges and urgencies related to the preservation and access to this kind of documentation, emphasizing their relevance both for the profession and for society. Based on this collection, the analysis traces the history of the IAB and its DF Department, highlighting preservation initiatives such as archival treatment actions and efforts for the dissemination of the collection. The research also underscores the threats and challenges to the preservation of architecture and urbanism archives in the country, with an emphasis on the threat of cultural heritage evasion abroad. Furthermore, it addresses the possibilities for preserving and valuing these funds as cultural heritage, proposing public policies and the application of current legislation in the field of Brazilian cultural heritage preservation for these items.

Climate change represents one of the greatest global challenges of our time, highlighting the importance of design decisions in mitigating its impacts. In this context, international environmental agreements have encouraged the development of sustainable strategies, promoting the reduction of adverse environmental impacts across various sectors and directly influencing the planning and conception of architectural projects. In Brazil, a prominent solution is the application of brise-soleils as solar control elements on building openings. In this Regard, it is evidente that color can impact their termal performance. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the influence of colors in metallic brise-soleils on the variation of their surface temperatures within the climatic context of the Federal District (FD). Based on an analysis of existing protocols and the selection of the northwest façade of Escola Verde, located in the Administrative Region of Riacho Fundo in DF, a thermographic analyses were conducted using infrared thermography over seven months (march to september 2024) as a case study. The data were analyzed through correlations and convergences to understand the relation between surface temperature and the hues and brightness levels of the colors present on the building’s metallic brise-soleils. The tabulated data reveal the predominance of blue tones getting 62% of the highest temperatures, the thermal stability of yellow tones corresponding to 59% of the lowest temperatures, and the intermediate behavior of red tones representing 11%. Regarding brightness, 55% high-luminosity metallic brise-soleils were more effective at reflecting heat, while 59% of metallic brise-soleils with highest radiation absorption rates were those with low luminosity. In this context, clear correlations between hue, brightness, and the surface temperatures of metallic brise-soleils emerge as a strategy to support design decisions.

This research examines the impact of the Santa Maria - Marcelino Ramos Railway on the urbanization and territorial planning of Alto Uruguai Gaúcho at the beginning of the 20th Century. The research investigates how the implementation of this railroad, inspired by the positivist ideal of “Order and Progress”, shaped the social and urban landscape of the region, boosting colonization and economic development, but also generating conflicts and socioenvironmental impacts. The study highlights the influence of positivism and the role of the railroad as an instrument of integration and progress, facilitating the transportation of products and goods, which led to the emergence of villages and new cities, such as Erechim. However, territorial occupation led to the expulsion of Kaingang indigenous people and squatters, generating social conflicts in the name of progress. The dissertation also questions the concept of progress based on criticism from authors such as Gilberto Dupas and Walter Benjamin, who highlight the paradoxes of accelerated development, such as social exclusion and environmental damage. The research adopts a qualitative approach, using a literature review, historical records, on-site visits and data analysis. The dissertation is structured in three chapters: the first deals with the concepts of “order” and “progress” in the First Republic (1889-1930); the second analyses the influence of the railroad on the planning of the region; and the third examines the socio-environmental impacts and conflicts generated by colonization. By highlighting the benefits and contradictions of the urbanization process, the study thus contributes to understanding the urban history of southern Brazil and the complexity of the development and colonization projects in the Alto Uruguai Gaúcho region.

The use of image processing techniques (IPTs) has proven to be promising in identifying construction-related issues, with the potential to reduce the need for in-person inspections conducted by specialists. These IPTs are primarily employed to manipulate images and extract features related to defects and pathological manifestations in buildings. However, the widespread adoption of these techniques faces challenges due to variations in real-world conditions, such as changes in lighting and the presence of shadows. To overcome these limitations, this research proposes a method based on computer vision, utilizing a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to detect window frames in public buildings. The deep learning model was trained using a specific dataset, consisting of images of public buildings from all 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District, totaling over 1,840 constructions. The CNN was trained with more than 19,000 images at a resolution of 227 × 227 pixels, achieving an accuracy of approximately 80%. The robustness and adaptability of the method were tested on high-resolution images of varying sizes, captured under different lighting conditions and featuring various types of window frames that were not used in the model’s training and validation phases. In these scenarios, the model reached an accuracy of 83.34%. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, highlighting its potential for the automatic detection of window frames and for generating quantitative surveys aimed at their restoration. The presented technology stands out for its satisfactory performance and its applicability in real-world scenarios.

The dissertation analyzes the correlation between the narratives presented in the newspapers Correio Braziliense and Zero Hora, and the Cine Brasília and the Auditório Araújo Vianna as heritage assets—both listed examples of modern architecture located in Brasília and Porto Alegre, respectively. The aim is to uncover, behind the possible correlations identified, how these newspapers (in)form the general public about preservation practices in both cities, considering that the social construction of cultural heritage heavily depends on popular participation. To this end, the work is divided into three parts: the first discusses the specificities of modern architecture preservation and presents the Cine and the Auditório, seeking to understand the history of their design, interventions, and heritage listing processes. The second part establishes the analytical framework for the newspapers based on the concepts of Cultural History and Representation, as proposed by Sandra Pesavento, in order to define the method of reading and interpreting Correio Braziliense and Zero Hora—sources that are also considered within their historical contexts. The third part outlines the methodology and provides an analysis of the newspaper reports themselves. Finally, the study discusses the interplay between the preservation practices applied to the buildings and the way they were represented in the newspapers, aiming to understand how the narratives of these media outlets (in)form their audiences about the conservation of the aforementioned modern architectural landmarks.

The architect plays a crucial role in promoting access to public spaces through inclusive design. However, the physical characteristics and legal restrictions of historical and/or landmarked sites pose significant challenges. This study evaluated the spacial accessibility, focusing on movement and use components, for people with physical disabilities and reduced mobility in three buildings – the Brasília Historical Museum, the Lucio Costa Space, and the Casa de Chá – and their surrounding environment, all located in Brasília's Three Powers Square. The methodology was based on bibliographic research, fieldwork, and technical observations conducted through checklists supported by accessibility legislation and standards. Elements such as ramps, flooring, elevators, handrails, doors, level changes, and restrooms were considered. The Accessibility Index for the surroundings, calculated based on various urban indicators like sidewalk characteristics, level changes, crossings and curb ramps, urban furniture and equipment, parking, and stops, showed that the Lucio Costa Space achieved the best index at 41%. Regarding the buildings, where ramps, stairs, doors, circulation, and adapted restrooms were evaluated, the Accessibility Index was higher for the Lucio Costa Space, reaching 68% accessibility. Thus, based on the ease of access to the buildings, their immediate surroundings, and accessible routes, the Lucio Costa Space demonstrated the best performance among the three evaluated locations in the Three Powers Square. The analyzed indicators revealed the presence of well-dimensioned ramps, adequate signage, continuous routes, and an absence of significant architectural barriers. Nevertheless, the study identified the need for some adaptations to meet the requirements and accessibility criteria defined in the standards, such as better leveling of the Portuguese stone paving throughout the square.

This paper addresses Brasília as part of the process of modernization and urbanization of the interior of the country, based on a discussion of the concept of a healthy city. In the historiography of the transfer of the federal capital to the Center-West, there is a recurrence of elements that encompass issues of hygiene and health, defended by the argument of bringing “progress” to the backlands, a region historically associated with disease, emptiness and an untouched nature. Studies presented by the committees that chose the site conclude that the Central Plateau had ideal and beneficial conditions for health, evidenced by the landscape of mild, dry, healthy climate and rich water potential, indicating sanitary principles that guided the urban layout and implementation of the new capital. In this sense, the aim is to understand how these ideals of health were disseminated and how they appear in Brasília in its conception, implementation and appropriation. The research is based on a bibliographic review of these concepts, according to the perspective of the circulation of ideas as a way of disseminating urban knowledge. The various modern experiments with principles of health that have been implemented in Brazil are discussed, with emphasis on the work of the Saturnino de Brito Office, due to its significant participation in the projects and administration of sanitation works in the construction of Brasília. Based on the selected sources, including historiographical texts, academic works and primary sources on Brasília, we perceive a conceptual link between narrating through landscape and the concept of a healthy city, which, although technically oriented, also mobilizes artistic, symbolic and cultural meanings. In this way, this approach allowed us to understand the contradictions existing in the conception, implementation and appropriation of Brasília in the discourses and projects, expressed in an ideal of a healthy, salubrious and sanitized urban space.

This dissertation investigates the teaching of Structural Design courses in the Architecture and Urbanism program at the University of Brasília, with an emphasis on the relationship between technical and design content in the training process. Considering the importance of structural understanding for the development of architectural projects, the study aims to identify gaps in curricular organization and in the methodologies employed. The research, exploratory in nature and adopting a mixed-methods approach, involved documentary analysis of syllabi and curricula, collection and processing of data from the Brazilian Council of Architecture and Urbanism (CAU/BR), and the application of questionnaires to professors, students, and graduates. The theoretical framework includes contributions from Dewey, Freire, Morin, Bernstein, among others, who discuss curriculum, competencies, didactics, and the integration of theory and practice. The analysis identified the predominance of lecture-based methodologies, low integration between technical subjects and design studios, and insufficient articulation between theory and practice. Difficulties were observed in interdisciplinary communication, in the application of structural concepts in design contexts, and in the inclusion of topics such as structural sustainability and the conservation of built heritage. Based on these results, the study presents guidelines for curricular readjustment, including the adoption of active methodologies, the integration of content from the early stages of training, and the strengthening of interdisciplinarity. The research aims to contribute to the organization of teaching-learning processes that incorporate structural reasoning as an inseparable part of architectural design.

Urban planning and management in Brazil face major challenges, especially with regard to the impacts caused by travel-generating hubs. These impacts affect urban infrastructure, traffic, and the environment, requiring an analytical and integrated approach for their assessment and mitigation. A significant gap is observed in the absence of spatial analysis tools and definition of measures to measure the impacts on land use and occupation of different types of travel-generating hubs. In addition, there is a lack of integration between traffic, neighborhood, and environmental impact studies, making it difficult to implement effective mitigation or compensation measures and to enhance positive impacts and consequent urban development and quality of life. Thus, the main objective of this research is to develop a spatial analysis procedure for the impacts on land use and occupation of travel-generating hubs. The proposal aims to integrate the different types of spatial analyses, based on the creation of urban scenarios through georeferenced modeling, providing an effective tool for urban planning and allowing a comprehensive assessment of the effects of land use and occupation changes on the city. By developing a procedure that relates different aspects of analysis (occupancy, accessibility, density, activities, degree of inconvenience), the research contributes to the creation of more efficient, sustainable public policies that are applicable to the reality of cities, promoting more integrated urban management. The research adopts an approach based on spatial analysis, aiming to integrate the different types of urban impacts (traffic, neighborhood and environmental). As a result, an urban planning instrument has been created that allows the analysis of the impacts of travel-generating hubs on the management of land use and occupation.

Building inspection processes should be conducted periodically to assess the condition of structures and plan maintenance activities effectively. For roofing systems, building inspections can be associated with difficult access, safety risks due to working at height and the time it takes to carry out the inspections, as well as requiring technical knowledge based on sensory analyses. On flat roofs, waterproofing membranes are often used extensively to support installations and equipment, which increases the difficulty of on-site inspection and identification of pathological conditions. In this context, repairs and replacements to elements or components of the waterproofing slab, or equipment placed on it, present a complex situation to be investigated. A systematic literature review identified a gap in the integrated approach to the inspection of waterproofing slabs with different levels, taking into account the digital processing stages for the generation of orthoimages and the application of computer vision techniques for detecting equipment and automated stain segmentation. In this sense, this research questions how digital technologies and automated processes can contribute to maintenance management in flat roof systems with different types and levels. The main objective of this thesis is to promote the improvement of building inspections of flat roof systems by means of digital technologies for image acquisition and automated processes, with a focus on the development of scenarios applicable to monitoring and maintenance management. Based on a qualitative approach, the research combined different methodologies, integrating the bibliographical, exploratory and experimental stages. These approaches were used to characterize the systems in question, carry out field surveys, apply digital technologies and conduct experimental procedures on automated processes. The proposed methodology integrates the use of a drone for visual inspection using images, the construction of a database for the digital processing of these images and the application of computer vision techniques. The sample selected for the studies consists of the flat roofs of the Brazilian Army Headquarters (QGEx) and four other buildings of the University of Brasilia (UnB), located on the Darcy Ribeiro Campus: Central Library (BCE), Central Science Institute (ICC), Child and Adolescent Unit (UCA) and Rectory. The results obtained show satisfactory performance in the application of digital image processing and convolutional neural networks for the detection of equipment that interferes with maintenance operations and the segmentation of stains that affect the waterproofing of roofs. During the inspections, the drone's field of vision is different from the inspector's field of vision, showing that digital technologies can contribute to the visual inspection of stains, as these stains indicate degradation processes that accelerate water infiltration and compromise the performance and durability of the flat roof. With this work, we hope to contribute to an integrated methodological approach as a strategy for accelerating preventive and corrective maintenance actions in maintenance management and roof system monitoring.

This research explores how Revista Manchete, a widely circulated magazine aimed at the public, contributed to the consolidation of architect Oscar Niemeyer's image and the dissemination of his architecture on both national and international stages. The thesis investigates the relationship between architecture, media, and society throughout Niemeyer's career, emphasizing Manchete's role as a cultural dissemination vehicle. The magazine documented Niemeyer's works and presented them in an accessible, direct, and clear manner, linking them to innovation, boldness, and audacity within the context of the time and in relation to political, social, and cultural issues. The methodology employed organizes this material into thematic categories based on the works published in the magazine's editions. This approach allows for an analysis of the construction of Niemeyer’s public narrative and its impact on architectural historiography. Based on Manchete's digitized archive available in the Brazilian Digital Hemeroteca, the research gathers records related to Niemeyer, including interviews, reports, and images that depict his work, personal life, and cultural impact. By unveiling different perspectives on Niemeyer, the thesis offers a reinterpretation of Manchete's publications and their intersection between architecture and communication, demonstrating how magazines played a crucial role in legitimizing and disseminating Niemeyer’s work and career.

Starting from the need to expand the understanding of Amazonian urban structures, particularly regarding their spatiality, which interacts with social dynamics, this research aims to contribute to the field from a configurational perspective. To this end, a sample of urban structures of different scales located in the Northern Region is investigated, interpreted at two levels of analysis: a) a global level, where the set of 101 urban nuclei in the sample are compared with each other and with cities from all Brazilian regions, using data obtained from Medeiros' research (2024), in order to characterize local cities in relation to those from other regions and to understand how the historical and socioeconomic processes that occurred in different parts of the region relate to their spatial structure; and b) a local level, where informally produced settlements (FCUs) located only in cities within the Northern Region are comparatively analyzed to examine their internal articulation and the overall city structure. Additionally, there are two categories of variables: a) configurational, of a geometric and topological nature, explored through the theoretical-methodological support of Spatial Syntax (Theory of the Social Logic of Space); b) non-configurational, composed of socioeconomic variables that encompass aspects such as income, education, human development, among others. The study aims to contribute to the characterization and identification of potential configurational patterns specific to the urban structures of the region at both levels. The research seeks to answer two questions: 1) Are there configurational specificities in the cities of the Northern Region compared to other Brazilian regions? 2) Are there configurational specificities of local FCUs compared to the urban set of cities in the Northern Region and those in other Brazilian regions? 3) If they exist, what aspects promote (are related to) these specificities?

The construction industry is recognized worldwide as a major driver of energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This requires rethinking architectural design and building strategies to meet human comfort conditions. Evidence gathered through scientific research shows that, with appropriate passive strategies, it is possible to improve the environmental performance of existing buildings and significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this sense, the energy requalification of existing buildings is crucial to achieving global climate goals. This study adopts a method to analyze the environmental impacts of an architectural renovation focused on energy efficiency, from which a comprehensive strategy for optimizing building performance was proposed that involves the analysis of its characteristics, its operating systems, user behavior and environmental conditions. The objective of this work is to identify the best passive strategies to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, with lower investment, while maintaining thermal comfort during the operational phase of a public building in the city of Goiânia. The research is based on consumption data from the operational phase of the building, to simulate the study model and, subsequently, Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to estimate the embodied and operational carbon in the proposed strategies. In the computer simulation, the aim was to improve energy consumption through strategies to change the building envelope and adopt and improve renewable energy sources. The energy audit of the building was performed and compared to the estimate of the new situations. The life cycle analysis (LCA) was considered to estimate the embodied carbon emissions and the current operational phase of the building, with concrete being the largest emitter, with more than 4 million kgCO2eq per year of the case study building, based on the construction budget. Using the computer simulation tools, it is possible to reduce the use of electrical energy in the building by 51.30% compared to current consumption with passive strategies, changing the composition of the envelope, improving and expanding the use of photovoltaic solar energy in the building and changing the building's operating hours. The average electricity consumption indicator, in kWh, was 105 kWh/m2/year. Adopting the best scenarios of the study, the operational carbon related to the use of electricity in the building increases from 67.97% to 51.47%, generating savings of approximately 23 million KgCO2eq of greenhouse gas emissions in 50 years.

This thesis investigates the ongoing debate on the dimensions of sustainability within environmental sciences, in the context of the New Urban Agenda (NUA) and its relationship with the terminology used in the literature to define the creative economy, in order to analyze these terms within the conceptual framework of creative cities. The research is based on the premise that creativity can serve as a strategic resource for regenerative urban planning and design, particularly in the face of challenges such as climate change, social inequalities, and rapid urbanization. The theoretical interface between sustainability and the creative economy forms an arena encompassing multiple dimensions—environmental, social, economic, cultural, territorial-spatial, political-institutional-legal, technological, and ethical—which also intersect with the principles and urban branding strategies of the NUA. This arena is examined through the pioneering writings on creative cities that influenced the UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) and the subsequent evolution of the concept. The findings indicate that the sustainability dimensions proposed by Sachs (2002) influenced the formulation of the agenda, the emergence of new economies based on intangible assets, and the development of contemporary urban branding strategies, such as creative cities, which attain a distinct understanding within this framework. The research results lead to four key contributions: (1) the establishment of guiding dimensions for the implementation of the NUA; (2) the presentation of this arena as a methodological approach for reviewing concepts and structuring policy cycles as complementary actions of the UCCN to support the implementation of the NUA; (3) the identification of dimensions within the agenda that define the roles of urbanism in the 21st century and serve as criteria for designing urban needs programs aligned with the NUA; and (4) the urgent need to adapt architectural and urban planning curricula to the future professional landscape.

Changes in Brazilian Society have been unfolding in the 21st century influencing the configuration of dwellings and demanding adaptations in their designs, especially in apartments as they are shaped by market forces. This theme has been extensively studied in major urban centers but research within the context of medium-sized cities is unprecedented, and this is the chosen focus of this thesis. Juazeiro do Norte (Brazil) is in the interior of the state of Ceará, and its residential verticalization process began in the 1980s. Between 1989 and 2021, real estate developments were cataloged with a recurring three-bedroom needs program. The presence of a functional pattern may not fully reflect the discourse of social changes, leading to the identification of two central questions: in what measure are contemporary social behaviors redefining vertical living in the city of Juazeiro do Norte? Is there any impact on the formal and spatial configurations of the apartments? The main objective is to investigate the formal and spatial configuration of residential towers in Juazeiro do Norte/CE (Brazil) between 1989 and 2021, correlating them with the transformations of society. Analyses of two natures were conducted using bibliographic, documentary and field research: residential and social aspects. The investigation of domestic space considered functional, dimensional, and configurational variables, based on the theoretical and methodological apparatus of Space Syntax. Ways of living and social changes were understood through a questionnaire applied to the residents of the case studies, complemented with census data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). By correlating the results of the two analyses it was concluded that vertical housing in Juazeiro do Norte can be characterized by duality. While peculiar changes adapted to new social demands were identified in domestic space, strong ties to colonial and modern Brazilian domestic patterns are still maintained.

This thesis project is dedicated to investigating the feasibility of developing a new composite that will result in a bamboo agglomerated panel from a low-density species with no structural applicability. This is an experimental study aimed at investigating the physical, mechanical and acoustic properties of mediumdensity agglomerated panels made with particles of bambusa vulvaris var vitatta, using Portland cement CPV-ARI as a binder. The study will be carried out in three stages. The first stage is focused on the investigation and production of the panels, where the particle size and density of the panels will be defined, so that the combination of these factors results in panels with sufficient mechanical strength for the purpose of non-structural coating for internal use in accordance with the ASTM D-1037:2020 standard. The second stage is dedicated to characterizing the sound absorption coefficients of the panels produced in the previous stage in accordance with the ISO 10534-2 standard. The third and final stage is dedicated to analyzing the results in order to determine the significance of the correlation between the variables adopted in the study.

Indoor daylight design should not be limited to energy performance and visual quality; it must also address aspects related to the health and well-being of users. The non-visual effects of light are directly linked to neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral responses, heart rate, alertness levels, mood, work performance and circadian rhythm. Therefore, when planning interior spaces, it is essential to consider not only the visual impacts of light, but also the non-visual ones. Natural light plays a vital role in regulating the circadian rhythm, responsible for coordinating alertness and the sleep-wake cycle, due to the 24-hour light/dark cycle of the day. Therefore, in environments frequently used in the morning and/or afternoon, such as classrooms in university - the focus of this study - it is crucial to implement a lighting project that favors this synchronization. This will provide students with a better quality of life and better performance in the learning process. Some architectural parameters, such as the reflectance of surface materials, the size and orientation of windows, among others, have an influence on the non-visual effects of light. In this context, the central hypothesis of this thesis states the possibility of establishing a correlation between these parameters and the assessment of the impact on the non-visual effects of light, taking into account exclusively the use of natural light. The general objective is to identify the architectural parameters that have a greater impact on the non-visual effects of natural lighting in higher education classrooms. The method adopted will include computer simulations, on-site measurements and statistical treatment to prove the hypothesis. At the end of this document, the results of the first simulations and final considerations on the progress of this thesis will be presented.

The Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology has been widely used for the development, coordination, and planning of construction projects. It establishes more consistent criteria for project production, allowing for a complete view of construction at all stages. This research presents concepts, guidelines, and relevant tools for implementing BIM in project processes, as well as the BIM Maturity Matrix. The matrix is an instrument that evaluates the level of adherence and implementation of BIM within an organization, allowing for the diagnosis of the degree and maturity index of BIM implementation. It is an effective tool for managing the BIM methodology and its application. To this end, a case study was developed applying the BIM Maturity Matrix method, which allows for the evaluation of the current state of BIM implementation in an organization, highlighting benefits, improvements, gaps, and recommendations based on the results obtained. Finally, the relevant points of this matrix will be listed to contribute to the improvement of processes and systems in BIM project production.

The research is exploratory and proposes the study of Brazilian territorial divisions for mobility planning, based on the investigation of the national scenario with a focus on the Metropolitan Regions (RMs) and Territorial Planning Units (UTPs). The theoretical, methodological and technical strategy is primarily configurational, through the linear representation of the Brazilian intermodal interurban travel network, encompassing road, waterway and airway modes. The contribution of these strategies to understanding the urban phenomenon, interpreted in terms of transport and displacement, is investigated. To this end, there are two research questions: 1) to what extent does understanding the process of elaboration of the various Brazilian territorial divisions contribute to transport planning on a global and local scale?; and 2) is the configurational analysis of the Brazilian intermodal travel network, according to the political frameworks of the RMs and the planning of the UTPs, capable of assisting in urban planning, with a focus on integrated mobility actions?

This work deals with the influence of fire and panic safety on the design of building architecture. The purpose of this research is to address the importance of architects' knowledge to design a building based both on morphological dimensions and on current technical standards for fire and panic safety in Brazil, especially in the Federal District. The body responsible for approving the fire and panic prevention installation project in the Federal District is the Federal District Military Fire Department and the morphological dimensions adopted in this research come from professors Gunter Kohlsdorf and Maria Elaine Kohlsdorf. Initially, the morphological dimensions and technical standards in force by the CBMDF are presented, followed by an evaluation of the morphological dimensions and preventive systems implemented in case studies. This research also presents insights through interviews with military firefighters who analyze and supervise building projects that seek regularization with the State for licensing purposes for construction or operation, as well as insights into the knowledge of Architects and Urban Planners on the subject. , mainly during the graduation that these professionals received in their training. Three example simulations are carried out that allow us to verify variations in the requirements of fire and panic safety measures for buildings that are very similar in terms of dimensions and activities, but with the observation of distinctions in results for each risk that a building poses. Finally, two practical examples of schools are presented in which the fire and panic prevention project was carried out after the architecture was executed, which resulted in losses and challenges, mainly financial, for the owners and/or renters of the buildings where these schools operate. These losses and challenges were verified through interviews that are also presented and discussed in this research. The previous choices of a project based on some characteristics determine its occupancy and risk classifications, implying variations in costs and interventions in the buildings so that they are regularized with the inspection bodies, that is, they are technically functional and safe. Ultimately, a study was carried out that can contribute to architects' decisions in projects related to fire safety, protection of life and property.

This dissertation research project has as its object the palatial interiors of the National Congress, whose constructive path begins in 1960, in the light of the modernism of the architect Oscar Niemeyer, traversing its transformative history during the 70s and glimpsing, finally, its perspectives of preservation as a heritage asset to be safeguarded. The National Congress, as a substance rich in academic research, has an interesting repertoire of academic research that has already been consolidated, but there are still gaps to be overcome in the study of its interiors. By interiors we mean the articulation of the Palace's internal spatiality, its materiality, its furniture and works of art which, at the end of the design process, form a single, inseparable whole. Among the palaces in Brasília, which have collections of great value for modern Brazilian historiography, the choice by the Congress is justified by being Niemeyer's most publicly accessible institutional work in Brasília, including his favorite, as he stated; for the complexity of the juxtaposition of two legislative houses (Chamber of Deputies and Federal Senate) in a single building and for containing furniture and works of art specially created for the spatial composition by great masters, consubstantiating a unique synthesis of knowledge and, why not, experiments. The production of this knowledge in a methodologically structured way, enriched by access to primary documentary sources from the archives of the Congress itself, as well as from other notorious collections, aims to trace its constructive history through the articulation of the trinomial: architecture, art and furniture, aiming to qualify the protection of these assets interiors in order to guarantee their safeguard. Examining the interiors of the National Congress, over the course of the first two decades, is crucial to understanding the transformation from a solemn administrative interior in 1960 to the palatial interior that will emerge in the following decade. In the 1970s, after the internal re-inauguration, the desirable sophistication not achieved in the internal features was achieved until then. Niemeyer's two main unexecuted preliminary projects, the past interiors, appear as a necessary complementary object of study, in order to compare them with the solution that would materialize over the following years. Of interest in this opportunity were the great noble halls, the plenary sessions, and political-representative spaces focusing on specific clippings of great transformations, whose general result of the two inaugural decades lasts until the moment. Profiling the architectural space, its materiality, furniture and art in a line of research will encourage subsidies for the development of precautionary policies in order to ensure the preservation of these assets that were bequeathed to us.

This dissertation aims to study the Setor de Habitações Coletivas Econômicas Sul (SHCES), also known as Cruzeiro Novo. The analysis will address the thoughts that gave rise to this sector and its urban plan, examining the changes that occurred from the initial project to its transposition into reality. The study will explore the fundamentals, related to housing, which make the Brazilian capital unique in the world. Using this information, it will be possible to draw the conceptual line that guided the conception of the economic area. Furthermore, for a more in-depth understanding of the context of affordable housing in Brazil, a brief historical overview will be presented, focusing mainly on the 20th century movements that influenced residential production at the time, including Cruzeiro Novo. Furthermore, the historical, physical, social and preservation aspects of the region will be investigated. The analysis will address urban characteristics, including the road network, land subdivision, urban equipment, spatial configuration, and architectural diversity of residential blocks. In the end, it is expected to contribute to the debate on the urban attributes of this sector and enrich the collection of studies on housing in the capital.

We live in the context of climate change in which climatologists indicate that the increase in temperature will result in catastrophic consequences of extreme phenomena. In this context, the use of thermoenergetic simulations as auxiliary tools in the design process allow obtaining estimates of thermal comfort and energy consumption, which makes it possible to test improvement strategies even before construction, or in hypothetical and future scenarios. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the impact of climate change on the thermal performance of residential buildings in future scenarios for the current climate, short-term future climate (2050) and long-term future climate (2090). Furthermore, different project variables were tested to understand which would be the most appropriate combinations for the climate scenarios evaluated in the climate context of the Federal District (DF). The aim is to compare temperatures in indoor environments considering the context of global warming and quantify the increase in the thermal load of residential buildings as a prediction and warning regarding the increase in energy consumption by air conditioning equipment. To this end, thermoenergetic modeling and simulation of a representative high-end residential building located in DF was developed using the thermal performance estimation methodology established by NBR 15575. For the simulations, the DesigBuider software (version 7.0.2.006) and future climate files (HadGEM2, regcm, RCP 8.5) were used considering the worst predictive scenario for Brasília. The simulations considered the natural ventilation condition and the artificial air conditioning condition. The results demonstrated that the percentage of hours within an operating temperature range considered acceptable (PHFT) will reduce significantly in the future. This indicator showed a drop of 51% for 2050 and 87% for 2090 in relation to the estimated value for the current climate. The predicted thermal load will be almost 5 times greater in 2050 and almost 8 times greater in 2090 when compared to the same indicator in the current climate for the study object in question. When testing different combinations of bioclimatic variables, it was identified that the most effective scenarios consider more efficient glass, smaller openings, use of shutters and external walls in ceramic blocks for ventilated models or more insulated walls for non-naturally ventilated models. The results of proposed models with the most appropriate design variables for each case generated a relevant increase in the PHFT in the current climate, reaching a value of 97.79% and indicating a high level of comfort without the use of air conditioning. In relation to future climate scenarios, it is considered that bioclimatic strategies were not sufficient to establish comfort even though they caused an increase in PHFT. In 2050 this criterion reached 49.94%, and in 2090 only 11.48%, which demonstrates the need to use active strategies to achieve comfort. In relation to thermal load, the proposed model proved to be very efficient and indicated reductions of 94% for the current climate, 56% for 2050 and 62% for 2090 in relation to the original models. Finally, the work brings a warning to civil construction to rethink the techniques and strategies currently implemented with a view to the well-being of residents in the long term.

Assuming architectural work as a form of meaning that will provide the individual with belonging, and architecture as a fundamental factor in the construction of the individual's identity and dignity, I seek to discuss throughout the work how the construction of the subject's meaning and its introduction took place by metaphysics, in the construction of thought, formed by the Eurocentric worldview and how this construction affects our understanding of space and time. I seek, through the works of Kant, Freud and Heidegger, to formulate a discussion on the issue of the subject and individuality as it is understood and designed, within the Western cultural vision and how these significant constructions interfere in the perception of time and space. Next, the subject's relationship with the world in which he is inserted is discussed, I seek to understand the relationships of how the subject's experience and experience of the world is seen, how experiences and the construction of the psyche correlate with the notions of freedom and human dignity. At the end of this work, I seek to discuss how the construction of the thought of the self occurs in relation to space, going through the works, mainly by Heidegger and Norberg-Schulz. I seek to argue how the construction of the self occurs together and in relation to the world in which it is inserted and how architecture plays a fundamental role in the construction of existential spaces of significance for the formation of the individual, as a being that belongs and is inseparable from the space in which it is located, which it inhabits, this being the built space, the raw material of architecture.

The performance of periodic maintenance on bridges and viaducts helps to identify damages in advance, facilitating the preservation and immediate implementation of preventive measures, enhancing the management process, and reducing costs over their lifespan. However, limited budgets lead to delayed maintenance, ultimately resulting in poor structural pathological situations, making it more expensive for the Public Management System. From this perspective, the aim of this work is to utilize a multi-criteria method through factor weighting to propose the classification relevance according to structural, functional, and durability parameters, as well as structural systems, as required by the ABNT NBR 9452:2019 - Inspection of concrete bridges, viaducts, and walkways – Procedure. Subsequently, the application of the proposed methodology in the inspections conducted on thirteen bridges and viaducts in the Federal District will be analyzed to calibrate and correlate the parameters obtained and suggested in the aforementioned study. Within the management methodology proposed in this study, inspections Nº 020, 027, and 100, located in Taguatinga, Sobradinho, and Candangolândia, respectively, were identified as having the greatest maintenance needs, as corroborated by photographic records and technical evaluation. Thus, this study contributes to the inclusion of governmental efficiency and social improvement in decision-making, assisting in the decision-making process regarding bridges and viaducts.

Daylight has been part of the architectural practice, since architects always used it to define spaces and create complex structures. Daylighting is, nowadays,seen as key strategy for sustainability, energy efficiency and resilience in buildings. In this context, it is vital to verify how daylight is approached in referencedocuments — that is, documents that base and guide urban and buildings’ projects, as standards, rating systems, building and urban codes, regulations andguidelines. Usually, recommendations are made by daylight requirements, which are composed by metrics — a way to evaluate something through acombination of representative conditions — and parameters — a limit or numerical value that acts as guideline for an activity or a policy, enabling judgementor evaluation of something. This research aims to investigate daylight requirements and their application in reference documents, to assess the feasibility ofthe requirements’ harmonization at a global scale. For that, the steps fulfilled are: a systematic literature review; a collection of primary documents —standards, rating systems, building and urban codes, regulations and guidelines — to verify how daylight requirements are approached in different countries;a survey application to daylight specialists from different countries; analysis of primary documents; a classification of the requirements and metrics found; andan analysis of the data with a climatic focus. First results show that non-geometric metrics, both static and dynamic, are common within Standards and RatingSystems, while Building and Urban Codes and Regulations used more often the geometric/design metrics. In Guidelines, both types can be used, dependingon the focus of the document. The most used metrics are Daylight Factor (DF) and variations, Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA), Exposure to Sunlight, DaylightGlare Probability (DGP), Window-to-Floor Ratio (WFR), and Setbacks.

This dissertation explores the proposal for photovoltaic generation at the IFB - Taguatinga campus, addressing its economic and environmental impacts. The study focuses on the feasibility of different types of solar panels, such as polycrystalline, bifacial, and amorphous, examining aspects like greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction, financial analysis, implementation costs, and energy savings throughout the lifecycle. The author uses the RETScreen software to simulate the efficiency of the different technologies in terms of area usage and energy performance, highlighting the economic and environmental benefits for the campus. Bifacial panels prove to be more efficient in space utilization and GHG reduction, while polycrystalline panels offer greater lifecycle savings. The study concludes that, although initial costs are similar across the technologies, bifacial panels are more advantageous for space-restricted projects due to their superior efficiency in reducing GHG and occupying less space. The proposed project presents a high financial return rate and quick payback, reinforcing the economic and environmental feasibility of installing a photovoltaic plant at the campus.

In Brazil, the building sector (residential, public, and commercial) accounts for about 50% of electricity consumption. Within this sector, university buildings, according to the literature, have significant energy consumption due to their complex infrastructures and the variety of activities taking place inside. This high consumption is directly related to the use of HVAC systems, lighting, and equipment to meet the specific thermal and visual comfort needs of users. Given this context, the energy efficiency of buildings becomes a central issue, especially as the concept of sustainability gains relevance and there is an increasing demand for solutions that reduce the environmental impact of buildings. In recent years, several studies have been developed with the goal of creating Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs), designed to produce the same amount of energy they consume over a year through renewable energy sources, such as solar. However, many of these studies focus on isolated analyses and/or new buildings, without considering a broader approach that explores the synergies between different existing buildings and the optimization possibilities that arise when buildings operate together. This work aims to investigate the feasibility of transforming university buildings into ZEBs, focusing on the Darcy Ribeiro Campus at the University of Brasília. The evaluation of the thermo-energy performance of these buildings included studying the main end uses of energy, as well as a detailed analysis of thermal comfort and natural lighting quality within the interiors. Besides assessing the current performance of the buildings, the research also focused on identifying the potential for energy savings through the implementation of passive and active strategies, considering Brasília’s climate. The investigation was conducted using computational simulations with specialized software such as DesignBuilder, Rhinoceros, and ClimateStudio. These programs allowed the creation of detailed building models, enabling an analysis of their energy performance and their thermal and lighting comfort conditions throughout the year. The simulations also allowed for an evaluation of the solar photovoltaic generation potential in the buildings studied. The research results indicated significant potential for improving the buildings’ energy performance through passive strategies, especially in terms of optimizing natural lighting. Additionally, the integration of photovoltaic modules proved to be a viable solution for meeting energy demand, achieving the zero-energy balance goal. The study concluded that with the application of appropriate strategies, such as proper shading, reducing the solar heat gain coefficient of glass with films, applying cool materials to the roof, and implementing a lighting control system, it is possible to transform university buildings into ZEBs, contributing to reduced energy consumption and improved thermal comfort conditions. For all analyzed buildings, it was possible to improve environmental quality, ensuring thermal comfort for at least 80% of occupied hours throughout the year, as well as reducing energy demand by an average of 15.60%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the strategies used.

Civil construction in Brazil has a history of difficulties in its construction processes and compliance with current standards. According to Gonsalez (2017, apud MACIEL; CÂNDIDO; ROCHA, 2019), the construction industry still presents rudimentary characteristics, low innovation and difficulty in modernization. As the construction market is changing dynamically, quality requirements and standards prove to be indispensable to achieve better results, as the imposition of more transparent and specific stages of processes constitute the foundations of said processes. In the course of the demand for quality, regulations were created or adapted to define project guidelines and procedures for new projects. This led to the creation of actions to improve the sector, such as the Brazilian Habitat Quality and Productivity Program (PQBP-H) and the Performance Standard, NBR 15,575 with its latest update in 2021, which addresses Performance Housing. This dissertation research project aims to investigate the issue of the performance of high-rise residential buildings and verify particular aspects of the routine of a building's production process, starting from the initial procedures to post-construction. Based on the legislation in force at the time of this document, such development will be linked to minimum quality standards for users. It is also intended to compare practical procedures that promote the adaptation of this construction typology to the quality guidelines of the Brazilian Habitat Quality and Productivity Program (PBQP-H).

This research addresses water-sensitive communities in Brazil based on historical social mobilizations organized against unsustainable occupation of territories and advocating for full social participation in water territorial planning. Drawing on the Australian model of water-sensitive city planning, social engagement is understood as a guiding principle for the formation of a sociopolitical capital, with individuals connected to the territory and aware of their decisions regarding it and water (DEAN et al, 2016). In Brazil, the implementation of social participation has progressed with social claims in the 1988 Constitution (BRASIL, 1988), the Statute of Cities (BRASIL, 2001), and, in the case of water, the National Water Resources Policy (Law 9433/1997) with the establishment of Basin Committees. In this context, the research is guided by the question of whether social engagement can become a participatory governance instrument in territorial planning and water management, in addition to mobilizing against the decisions of responsible authorities. While there are studies focusing on criticism of participatory management, analyses relating existing social practices and their results, especially within Basin Committees, are still limited. Even scarcer are studies focusing on the analysis of the scope and challenges of social engagement to discuss and implement local potentials. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to understand social participation in planning and management, from the perspective of social engagement of water-sensitive communities based on activities developed by organized civil society. Thus, the social mobilization in defense of waters in Serrinha do Paranoá is envisioned as a manifestation of territorial praxis (SAQUET, 2017, 2020) as a water-sensitive community. Based on the "Effective Engagement" method (Dean et al, 2016), this structure derives from a systematization that defines engagement approaches to encourage the formation of water-sensitive communities in planning models with institutional integration. In this regard, this research was guided by the methodology of participatory action research based on the construction of dialogical knowledge between the researcher and social actors. Following the stages of the planned intervention cycle - identification, projection, implementation, and evaluation (DIONE, 2007) present in the methodological sequence systematized by Collete (2014), which organizes the research logically and chronologically. Thus, the research was structured based on an engagement matrix reflecting the four phases of the engagement history over more than 20 years of activity in the rural nuclei of Serrinha do Paranoá, which was named the "Engagement Guidance Matrix for Water-Sensitive Communities." This allowed the delineation of a sociopolitical network that evolved through the identified phases in moments of thematicization and planning of action. Finally, guidelines were captured that evolved, diversifying and bringing complexity to engagement actions as the sociopolitical network expanded and organized different participatory institutional arrangements, resulting in an informal planning of the territory of Serrinha do Paranoá.

Standardized public buildings replicated in different climatic contexts associated with high urban temperatures can cause thermal discomfort to occupants and increase energy consumption by air conditioning, especially in very hot climates. Currently, passive climate control strategies and specially supercool materials are highly effective solutions in these cases. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate a current model of a standardized Brazilian public school and identify optimal passive solutions to provide thermal comfort without active air conditioning systems through optimization simulations with EnergyPlus and JEA Algorithm. Different combinations of passive strategies and cool materials for each bioclimatic zone allow a maximum discomfort of 10% due to heat or cold according to the ASHRAE 55 adaptive model, with 80% acceptability during the occupancy period in all regions of Brazil. Among the opaque envelope materials, thermal mass flat roofs and insulated walls provide adequate heat balance for both cooling and heating dominated zones. The optimal combinations of passive strategies are: supercool material on roofs and walls, as well as window shading and 24/7 95% aperture natural ventilation for extreme cooling-dominated zones; cool roofs, medium reflectivity walls, and 5% aperture ventilation for coolingdominated zones and thermochromic roof and dark walls with 5% aperture ventilation for heating-dominated zones. Cities with greater discomfort, whether due to heat or cold, also require extra solution for the external floor (reflectivity of 90% and 30%, respectively).

Revaluing the urban heart of the city involves multiple actions that impact both the physical infrastructure and the democratic exercise of use and recognition of open public space (OPS) to achieve sustainability and resilience to current climatic phenomena. The objective of this research is to analyze the environmental performance of urban greenery as a mitigation strategy against the negative effects of Urban Heat Island (UHI) at a microclimatic scale in the central historic site of the city of Tarija (450m*350m), in the monumental heritage area. The study is based on scalar analysis according to the classification of perception fields: large structure, sector/site, place, and building, applying geoprocessing and computational simulation. The methodological process comprises three procedures: 1) Temporal analysis of ICU (2001-2021) with the Land Surface Temperature (LST) indicator, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) by remote sensing, at large structure 2) Analysis of the axial map (1606-2020) with the Integration (Inthh) indicator by spatial syntax, at large structure and 3) Comparison of scenarios: base scenario (current) and deep green scenario (proposal), including tree planting in roads, courtyards and green corridors that articulate three downtown squares, through the indicator of Air Temperature (Air T), Surface Temperature (T Surface), Average Radiant Temperature (Trm) and Thermal Comfort Indicator (PET) with ENVI-met V5.5.1 simulation at site/building scale. The results corroborate the hypothesis, the performance of urban green increases if existing central green areas are articulated, preserving heritage elements and incorporating micro-urban design to integrate the areas. The implementation of this micro-climate strategy in neighborhoods/districts is recommended to promote a policy of adaptation to climate change and mitigation of urban warming.

The research constitutes a comparative analysis of Brazilian Metropolitan Arrangements under the configurational approach of the space-form of human settlements. Many studies capture the metropolitan phenomenon through analysis of satellite images combined with mathematical procedures that allow identifying how fragmented, dispersed and low-density these areas in Brazil are, in addition to presenting a relationship of dependence between the hub municipality and the other constituent municipalities, generally interpreted based on commuting movements, under the effect of the centrality of the metropolitan pole. There are also configurational studies on metropolises, but they are not comparative or do not cover a sample that goes beyond regional limits. Little is known about the topological and geometric characteristics of Brazilian metropolitan arrangements in relation to the travel possibilities that they provide or condition through their configuration: the relationship between objects in the built urban space. In this context, this research allows new perspectives on Metropolitan Arrangements, and seeks to contribute to the planning of these areas which, by attracting more and more residents (UNITED NATIONS, 2020), should provide an urbanization process whose benefits are maximized to the detriment of impacts which are associated with the way of accommodating the population in the territory, mainly related to accessibility to study, leisure and work opportunities. Therefore, as an objective, we intend to advance the understanding of metropolitan space and analyze in a comparative way the configurational characteristics of Brazilian metropolises related to the different potential degrees of accessibility (based on topological, metric and geometric distances) that they present and evaluate what the performance associated with these characteristics. It is based on the hypothesis that there are relational patterns intrinsic to the formation of the metropolitan arrangement in Brazil, whose characteristics can facilitate the identification of a metropolitan configurational typology. The sample is composed of Metropolitan Population Arrangements constituted according to the methodology adopted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2016) and selected based on criteria of centrality and influence in the national urban network of Cities by (IBGE, 2020). The main theoretical-methodological-tool approach to achieve this objective comes from the Theory of Social Logic of Space, or Spatial Syntax, whose systemic reading allows the understanding of the relationships between society and space, based on the elaboration of Axial and Segment Maps on images of current satellites whose processing generates variables capable of expressing, in geometric, metric and topological dimensions, how conducive or not the system is to social interactions and access to places and opportunities based on the ease of movement offered by the city's street system.

This thesis proposes the presentation and critical analysis of the projects of Brazilian Chanceries and Official Residences abroad, designed between 1962 and 1981 by architects Olavo Redig de Campos, Elvin Mackay Dubugras, and Ruy Ohtake. The research is justified due to the scarcity of information about the projects of Brazilian diplomatic representations and aims to contribute to the fields of architecture and diplomacy. The methods involved the collection of documentation from private and institutional archives, the redesign of project solutions, and the analysis of Embassies based on both objective and subjective criteria. Analytical parameters include the analysis of the relationship of diplomatic buildings with the city (index), understanding the elements that compose the facades (symbol), and the identification of elements that communicate the connection to Brazil (icon). The research hypothesis is that Brazilian Embassies may be products of cultural diplomacy and instruments for implementing Brazilian soft power in the contexts in which they were inserted. The literature review explores aspects of architecture as a product of representation and exportation from similar works in European and North American contexts. It also addresses crucial themes to understand the relationships between architecture and diplomacy in the Brazilian scenario, grounding itself in historical, political, and diplomatic aspects. In the final part of the work, the projects of the Embassies in Beirut, Washington D.C., Buenos Aires, Lagos, Riyadh, and Tokyo are presented and analyzed. The results highlight the orchestrated intention by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to invest in projects carried out by Brazilian architects from the 1960s onwards as part of strategic actions to ensure Brazil's presence in specific contexts. The conclusions emphasize the practical applicability of the research as a tool for knowledge and preservation of Brazilian Embassies abroad.

A paradigm shift towards a post-carbon society is increasingly needed, due to the major impacts of contemporary human activity on the natural environment, especially due to dependence on fossil fuels. The built environment plays a central role in mitigating these effects, as it is one of the main factors responsible for these impacts due to its continuous energy dependence, as well as in adapting to already sensitive climate change. In recent decades, the concept of Zero Energy Building (ZEB) has gained visibility, a construction standard that has a zero-energy balance in the interval of one year, through the reduction of energy demand, through energy efficiency and conservation measures, and energy generation with the use of renewable sources. However, most of the research related to the theme focuses on isolated buildings and with an approach exclusively based on energy efficiency, in addition to being mostly focused on climatic contexts in developed countries, with temperate or cold climates. With this in mind, the present thesis emphasizes the analysis of the ZEB pattern at the urban scale, through morphological study and with the use of a holistic approach of environmental performance indicators, rather than only energy efficiency. Thus, the main objective of the doctoral research is to analyze the potential for obtaining Zero-Energy Buildings at the urban scale of different typologies of urban blocks for the climatic context of Brasília, through multiobjective optimization with holistic criteria. As specific objectives, it is aimed at consolidating the definition of ZEB at the urban scale; developing a computational procedure for the holistic evaluation of court typologies; and discussing potential urban planning indicators and strategies based on environmental performance with a focus on achieving Zero-Energy Building at the urban scale and in a computational approach. Initially, the theoretical foundation seeks to consolidate the initiatives in the conceptual field of ZEB at the urban scale through bibliometric review and analysis. For this, the Scopus database and the Bibloshiny tool, based on Bibliometrix, developed in the "R" programming language, were used. To carry out the analytical work, the method employs a computational approach based on the tripod simulation of environmental performance, parametric design, and optimization process for holistic environmental performance evaluation in a holistic way. The three most common typologies of urban blocks are analyzed: 1. Tower, 2. Slab Buildings and 3. Perimetral Buildings with Courtyard. The parametric design is developed in the Grasshopper visual programming interface of the modeling program and Rhinoceros 3d. Environmental performance simulations are performed by the Ladybug Tools suite, which serves as an access interface for Radiance and EnergyPlus. While the Opossum plugin allows you to carry out the optimization process with the RBF algorithm. The optimization process employed has three objectives to be maximized: Weighted Average Shade Index (ISavgPond) for urban climate analysis; Useful Daylight Spatial Illuminance (sUDI) as an indicator of the lighting of internal spaces and Load Cover Factor (LCF) that contemplates energy consumption and generation and thus serves to analyze the null energy balance. The results are applied using r-person correlation analysis between the typology project variables, optimization objectives, and other indicators, in addition to those with in-depth analysis with the support of scatter plots for the scenarios with the highest correlations. In addition, an analysis of the project variables is performed with the aid of boxplot graphs. The best results present in the Pareto forehead are also clustered using the Cmeans algorithm. Finally, the best scenarios for each of the three objectives are analyzed, in addition to the Dominated Volume – an indicator for the balance (or trade-off) between the objectives – for each of the typol

The work of Construtora Rabello S.A, led by Engineer Marco Paulo Rabello, left its mark on the history of modern architecture of prefabrication in reinforced concrete carried out in the construction of Brasília/DF. This exploratory thesis of a bibliographic, referential and documentary nature through interviews and publications highlights practical experiences with the use of prefabrication in the 1960s and 1970s. Rabello has historically demonstrated that prefabricated architecture is heavy in several ways, whether carried out on a construction site or in a factory, it undertook an aesthetic-structural architecture in each plastically structured unit due to the knowledge of its technical staff participating in the Rabello Group. Based on the documentation, trajectory and developments of the Group's projects, it is clear that the building element, the construction process and the expertise of the technical executors working during this period took Rabello to the peak of its performance. The design expressiveness from the point of view of the plastic relationship as art and aesthetics, expresses the concept of modern architecture as a formal building element transformed into architecture. The study brings to light a narrative based on the general historical context, from the emergence of the use of reinforced concrete to the implementation of heavy prefabrication of aesthetic-structural parts implemented by the Rabello Group in works carried out in Brasília/DF. Thought out and experimented after incessant studies, the transition from construction sites to industries was concisely demonstrated the appropriation of the construction system. Recovering the importance of the construction company and the construction system and the technology used, as well as the resources spent, guided the specific objectives of the thesis in addition to qualitatively highlighting the data to be preserved, motivating the unique character, filling the gap, demonstrating the strength of the continued connection between architecture and engineering involving the technical professionals involved.

Using didactic-pedagogical scenarios, the thesis addresses the relationship between architecture and structures and the development of a teaching identity focused on the instruction of structural systems in architecture. The main objective is to analyze the planning of the teaching of structural components in Architecture and Urbanism courses, highlighting the inadequacy of the traditional model, which replicates engineering curricula, and proposing more integrated and meaningful approaches. The central issue revolves around the training of professors, generally coming from undergraduate courses, who reproduce models assimilated during their initial education without specific preparation for teaching. The hypothesis is that this practice imitates outdated models and disregards the new social and technological demands of higher education. The relevance of the research lies in providing theoretical and practical support of a didactic-pedagogical nature for reflecting on teaching practices, promoting more meaningful teaching that is closer to the reality of students. The adopted methodology is based on Critical Theory and the method of Discourse Analysis, and includes documentary research, especially the general and specific norms that govern the teaching of structures in Architecture courses, and bibliographical research, in addition to questionnaires for professors. The objective of these is to identify the didactic-pedagogical bases applied in the teaching of structures and suggest pedagogical scenarios that address the identified gaps. In its development, the thesis details Critical Theory and the method of Discourse Analysis, analyzes the history of architect training and the teaching of structures, examines the political and historical influences on the pedagogical projects of Architecture courses, presents data collected on the training and practice of professors, and explores how didactic theory can aid in professor training and reflection. As a result, the work simulates teaching scenarios based on didactic theory and offers reflections on the use of planning in architecture education. Some of the conclusions presented are that the teaching of structures helps architecture students understand the realization of their projects and reflect on the constructability of ideas. Historical and political changes, such as the University Reform of 1968, have negatively influenced architecture education. The absence of clear guidelines for the continuing education of professors and the lack of a strong institutional policy are barriers to quality education, demanding the creation of continuing education programs that encourage critical reflection and provide scientifically based pedagogical tools. The phased organization in pedagogical projects aids in understanding the complexity of curricular components and promotes better interdisciplinary integration, as opposed to the credit-based enrollment system that fragments teaching. Teaching planning is fundamental and should be based on critical and theoretical reflection, allowing professors to effectively intervene in the course and promote significant changes. The research also concludes that, to improve architecture and urbanism education, it is crucial to invest in continuous professor training, promote interdisciplinarity, and integrate theory and practice in a meaningful way.

This thesis aims to present the concept of Racist Mobility as a tool study and understanding of transport and mobility in Brazil. Starting from the hypothesis that the transport technologies in the country were built embedded in the desire for segregation and racial differentiation constituents of the Brazilian social structure, this study seeks to understand the historical relationship between mobility and racism as well as its current stage. To this end, it will be carried out a historical analysis of the constitution of urban mobility in Brazil, linking the urban technology with the concepts of institutional racism and structural racism. The historical contribution diachronic analysis will be complemented with the synchronic analysis of current data on the situation of Mobility related to Brazilian racial differences. Based on these two formulations it will be A proposal for a methodology for systemic analysis and continuous monitoring was presented. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the production of knowledge about the racial element as a definer of mobility

The increasing aging of the population and the recurring sedentary lifestyle represent a new challenge for public managers: preparing cities to face these issues. Promoting active urban spaces, facilitating the adoption of regular physical activity in the daily lives of the elderly, becomes an important alternative to pursue. This approach has been widely explored by countries in the Northern Hemisphere. However, in Brazil, actions that contribute to reducing sedentary lifestyles are still embryonic, often aimed at encouraging the practice of physical exercise in specific urban spaces, such as city gyms. Another consideration is the diversity of demographic and cultural profiles of the Brazilian elderly population, requiring more attention to this reality. In this context, the study sought to contribute to the identification of configurational and functional aspects of the urban structure that facilitate the reduction of sedentary lifestyles in order to contribute to the formulation of urban public policies that promote healthier Brazilian cities. To this end, the research was conducted in two stages: theoretical-methodological foundation, and analysis and results. The first stage considered the conceptual bases that support the idea of healthy cities and the relationships between urban planning and sedentary lifestyles and associated NCDs. It incorporated a study of consolidated research, based on the PRISMA method, which demonstrated that walkable neighborhoods, characterized by a mix of uses, high road connectivity and moderate population density, are related to lower body mass indexes, obesity/overweight, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. A study was also carried out of international public policies based on evidence, aimed at urban open and public spaces that aim to contribute to the fight against NCDs and promote active aging through urban configuration and function. The results highlighted recommendations at various urban spatial scales to promote compact and walkable cities, with mixed use, availability of green spaces and squares for sports and social interaction. All integrated by networks of paths with short distances between blocks to favor active mobility and, therefore, reduce the chances of NCDs resulting from sedentary lifestyles. These findings now need to be adapted to Brazilian conditions, although the general strategies correspond to local urban problems. This literature review contributed to the initial results of the research and served as a foundation for the second stage, which was dedicated to investigating policies and initiatives to combat NCDs and aging adopted at federal level and with repercussions in cities. Initially, a situational overview of the policies implemented in Brazil was prepared, which revealed actions restricted to some urban spatial scales, such as the implementation of benches, lighting and accessibility in public spaces, creation of leisure spaces, promotion of physical activity in specific areas and programs such as PAS, PVS and PELC, and implementation of cycling infrastructure. It was also found that there were no evaluations of the effects of these programs on the health of the population. Finally, the incorporation of structuring aspects of urban space, which constitute the model of a compact city, consequently active and healthy, is an opportunity to improve these public policies to combat NCDs and promote active and healthy aging.

The dissertation investigates the new aesthetics of protests in Brazil starting from June 2013, a turning point in the political and social transformation of the country, analyzing the tensions between insurgency, conservatism, and disputes in urban public space. The research is based on the premise that protest is a form of counter-language that subverts the logic of control in capitalist cities and reconfigures urban space through occupations and performative actions. These protests perform as a rupture in urban daily life, using symbolic violence and, in some cases, physical violence as tools for political communication and resistance. The thesis draws on authors such as Jacques Rancière, Chantal Mouffe, Maria Rita Kehl, Marcos Nobre, Eugênio Bucci, Suely Rolnik, among others, to discuss political aesthetics, insurgent subjectivity, and the politicization of bodies in urban spaces. The research also explores how contemporary protests in Brazil shape the collective imagination while facing the risk of being aestheticized and absorbed by capitalism, thereby losing their critical character. In this context, the role of the media and social networks in constructing narratives about the protests contributes to the subversion of the subversive power of these actions, transforming them into visual spectacles. Furthermore, the study addresses the rise of new right-wing movements in Brazil and how these movements have transformed the aesthetics of protests into expressions of resentment and conservative exaltation. The dissertation concludes with a reflection on the contemporary challenge of resistance in urban space, questioning how to develop forms of contestation that escape the logic of commodification and can, indeed, generate structural changes in urban space and social relations.

One of the main forms of domination within the colonization process is cultural imposition and the erasure of the memories of colonized peoples. The replacement of a people's traditional architecture with colonial architecture affects each group member emotionally and physically by disrupting their understanding of the world based on the knowledge of the built space in which they live. Documenting and safeguarding Brazilian indigenous architecture is extremely important in preserving this knowledge and in the decoloniality of architecture. The constant threat faced by indigenous peoples in Brazil highlights the urgent need to preserve their cultures and knowledge, as a way of protecting and perpetuating the existence of these peoples. Among the many ancestral knowledge and technologies present in Brazilian Indigenous culture, architecture is one of the cultural assets that best synthesizes and represents the presence and value of a people's material and immaterial cultural heritage. Recording and documenting buildings, construction processes, and technologies, is necessary in the mission of safeguarding this heritage as a way of preserving the memory of these peoples. The use of current technologies and computational tools can be of great value in the preservation of Brazilian indigenous architectural heritage. In this sense, this study seeks to explore the use of HBIM (Historic Building Information Modeling) technology as a tool to assist in the documentation, preservation, and dissemination of the material and immaterial architectural heritage of the indigenous peoples of Brazil, through the documentation of the construction process with the use of cadastral survey by point cloud with the use of drones and the HBIM modeling and parameterization of a traditional building of the Xavante people.

Mineral extraction in Brazil is responsible for a considerable portion of the national gross domestic product (GDP). This large extractive volume is directly related to the amount of waste generated at the end of the production plants. Solutions aimed at incorporating deposited/discarded tailings contribute to minimizing the environmental liabilities generated by mineral exploration. The civil construction sector has been a great ally in this type of solution, while several of its materials and construction techniques allow the use or incorporation of waste from the most different production chains. Among these techniques is adobe, which consists of forming plastic soils into a prismatic format, with subsequent air drying to then be used in buildings as a component of different systems, such as sealing, structural and even roofing. That said, this work sought to evaluate the performance of adobes produced with the addition of copper and gold mining tailings, deposited in the municipality of Alto Horizonte, in the state of Goiás. The adobes were made with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% incorporation of the tailings into the local soil sample. The units produced were subsequently subjected to simple compression and water absorption tests by immersion, where the mixture with 20% (by mass) of tailings was the one that presented the best results in both indices, even if it did not reach the minimum established by the Brazilian regulations. It was concluded that the production of adobes with the incorporation of mining tailings in up to 20% by mass, following the criteria defined in the research, resulted in components with better performance in simple compression and water absorption, when compared to the control units. , produced only with soil. However, in order to meet the minimum strength requirements, a greater addition of stabilizer, such as cement or lime, is necessary.

This dissertation addresses two examples of standard projects of kindergartens built in Ceilândia and Sol Nascente / Pôr do Sol, administrative regions of Brasilia. They result from the implementation in the Federal District of the National Programme for the Structuring and Acquisition of Equipment for the Public School Network for Child Education (Proinfância). Created in 2007, this programme aimed to finance and offer technical assistance to municipalities, responsible for the education of children between 0 and 6 years old. Proinfância provides standard projects for day-care centres to be built across the country. The standardization of buildings raises a question that is sometimes uncomfortable for those who design and build them: how does the standard project relate to the city, the neighborhood and its community? The study of the mentioned examples aims to collaborate to this debate. Methodologically, we seek to define an understanding for the term standard project, from a bibliographical review; then, we proceed to the case studies analyzed in two approaches: that of its spatial implementation, considering the relationship with the administrative region, the land and the neighborhood; and that of its social appropriation, both based on tools of evaluation of the built environment, according to Rheingantz et al. (2009).

The territorial problem of quilombola communities is updated with the neoliberal urban development that has been taking place since the 1980s with the dismantling of States that have a management based on land exploitation and expropriation of rights, among other points. Rapid population growth, intensifies industrial restructuring, increases at ever-increasing levels the polarization of social classes, precariousness in the functioning of public institutions in general, and which contributes to triggering territorial conflicts that also affect quilombola reminiscences.
Thus, this study intends to show the need to consider the Afro-descendant rural specificity – Afro-rurality – within the context of the development of urban territorial planning, raising the question of how Bem Viver and Afro-rural identity can dialogue with the territorial policies of the State, because, federal, state and municipal government bodies, in addition to public service concessionaires, in the implementation of urban policies aimed at improving, territorial policy instruments, such as master plans, and these need to be linked to the specific cosmovision of these traditional communities alignment planning urban development and economic, environmental and social sustainability of these peoples and safeguard of these sites.
And it is understood through the problem presented and the proposed approach that it is necessary to align the legal bases that guarantee the safeguard of quilombola reminiscences, the characterization and understanding as a social technology of traditional knowledge and public policies of urban planning aimed at territorial preservation and identity of this population. And based on these aspects, this project intends to use as a case study Quilombo Mesquita, a community located in the municipality of Cidade Oeste (GO), which was certified as a quilombola reminiscence by the Palmares Cultural Foundation in 2006, had its territory delimited by INCRA through the Report Identification and Delimitation Technician in 2011.

The objective of the research is to indicate how companies operating public transport by bus can appropriate the value generated in the chain of the urban public transport system by bus in order to guarantee an increase in the quality and profit of the operation.

This dissertation overflows with nostalgia and ancestry and, therefore, is a tribute from Laíse to Luísa (personification of the city of São Luís-Maranhão). João do Vale says that “everyone sings about their land”, so I decided to write about mine. An architect-artist, increasingly exercising her architect-historian side that proposes to “embroider the urban history” of São Luís-Maranhão, specifically in the 19th and 20th centuries, as a tool for experimental city reading that is circumscribed in a movement swing between “escrevivência” (a term coined by Conceição Evaristo that approaches writing and experience) and a conceptual-methodological dimension that we call hypertextual, insofar as the historiographical text is directly linked and equated with another block of information: the visual. A temporal shaping in which spatiality and materiality, in addition to the colonial trace, are systematized as a graphed and mapped representation. In this case, despite relying on academic technical-normative conventions required within the scope of the master's degree, the textual production in question seeks a dynamic, permeable and nonlinear construction, starting from the agglutination and incorporation of visuality, gestures, experience, affectivity, imaginary and sensoriality in historiography. Seams between architecture, art, city and history engendered in visual and bibliographic articulations. More than an allusion to the technical inventiveness and symbolic strength of embroidery present in the objects and clothing of local cultural manifestations, as well as in other international conceptual and artistic references, embroidery as a conceptual (graphic language and visual resource cartographic - texturing, linearity, dotted, dashed etc.) and methodological vector (as a principle of dissertation and historiographical structuring). A way of enabling the traveler-reader to make unpredictable crossings and multiple associations/accesses between image and text under “unpredictable” routes that welcome “contaminations” and dialogues between three disciplinary fields, namely: architecture and urbanism (morphology; theory; history and urban criticism); visual arts (contemporary poetics) and historiography (cultural history and mentalities). A border approximation between art and science that overflows the compartmentalization and watertightness of the fields of knowledge, aiming to delineate a transdisciplinary interpretative possibility in which experience and fruition are reestablished as the core of the discussions of the city object, beyond the architect.

The energy efficiency market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the need to reduce energy consumption in consumer units and the increasing awareness of environmental issues. These projects have received extensive technical support from industry professionals and society at large, due to their relevance to sustainability and the opportunity to align them with current trends in project design. To develop these projects, prescriptive methodologies with equations and simulations using computational tools are employed to understand the consumer's reality and propose efficient actions that meet their specific needs. However, implementing these projects faces challenges such as time constraints, high costs of audits and consultations, and the need for specialized technical knowledge. To ensure a more accurate assessment and quantify the benefits obtained from energy efficiency projects, performance verification and energy modeling focused on sustainability are necessary. The Palácio do Desenvolvimento building in Brasília, Federal District, was selected as a case study, and measurements of energy consumption, analyses of construction and usage characteristics, validation of meteorological data, climate monitoring, and simulations were conducted to evaluate potential suggestions for energy efficiency actions that encompass both technological and operational aspects. The results of these analyses provided valuable insights for the development of efficient and sustainable strategies within the context of the studied building. They demonstrated significant consistency with the evaluated parameters. It was observed that the construction characteristics adopted in the simulation model yielded coherent results, accurately reflecting the energy performance of the building under study. Furthermore, the operational data used in calculations and simulations proved to be suitable, contributing to precise analysis. The comparison between the measured climatic data in the building and the national climatic data showed satisfactory agreement, validating the representativeness of the local environment. Additionally, the climatic data used in the simulator exhibited a behavior similar to the national climatic data, enhancing the reliability of the conducted simulations. This consistency and similarity among the results highlight the robustness of the analyses performed and reinforce the validity of the conclusions drawn from the simulations

This research seeks to investigate the characteristics of buildings constructed in the city of Cuiabá, in the state of Mato Grosso, during the 1930s and 1940s under the authoritarian government of Getúlio Vargas in Brazil, especially during the New State (Estado Novo in Portuguese) period (1937-1945). The constructions analyzed are considered illustrative of a transition from historicist aesthetics in construction to the first modern manifestations, not necessarily modernist, in the city of Cuiabá. These modern expressions were manifested throughout those years in institutional buildings constructed with a series of varied characteristics. Within the myriad of idioms in the architecture of those buildings, it is highlighted the presence of aspects of modernized neoclassical, art deco, and neocolonial. In addition to analyzing the characteristics of the buildings, this thesis also seeks to reflect on the historiographic construction of Brazilian architecture, which was focused on the buildings that resulted from the modern movement. This preliminary historiography ended up “invisibilizing” other important manifestations that occurred in expressively numerous ways, especially the civic architecture produced outside the major centers of the country. Finally, the work aims to discuss the relationship between architecture and politics in this context — especially because it is a period of an authoritarian government in Brazil and also the years before and during World War II. Furthermore, this thesis investigates the materialization of these relations in the space and the results in Cuiabá’s landscape, especially because those buildings lead to the introduction of new materials and construction techniques on the site.

The construction of buildings is a relevant part in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), but there are lacks of informations regarding the GHG emissions embedded in the processes and their constructive elements. The general objective of this research is to analyze the impact of climate change in buildings through the LCA methodology. Its specific objectives are (i) to assess the LCA support tools for the Brazilian context; (ii) to compare the applicability of different national databases; and (iii) to systematize an LCA methodology for built buildings. The research method is organized in six steps. Initially, (i) the study area is determined as stage 01 of the Northwest Sector, in the Federal District, and then (ii) the building typologies for the analysis are determined, which in this study are three typologies with different floor plan projection areas (square floor plan, 1.024m2; rectangular floor plan, 1. 000m2; and rectangular plan 1.500m2) and then, it is proposed the (iii) survey of the characteristics of the typologies, (iv) the extraction and organization of the data obtained in the survey, to (v) perform the LCA of the analyzed typologies and, finally, (vi) the interpretation of the results obtained in the LCA to communicate them. As a result, it was observed the lack of knowledge and information about the environmental impact related to climate change on built buildings in the Brazilian context from the evaluation of some cities' climate mitigation plans. Another point observed was the existence of different tools to support the evaluation of GHG emissions in buildings sector in the Brazilian context, but there is not yet a single consolidated platform for use. Typology 1 (23 units) obtained as a result of the LCA a total of 2.65 kgCO2eq./m2.a, typology 2 (51 units) obtained 3.13 kgCO2eq./m2.a and typology 3 (11 units) obtained 4.08 kgCO2eq./m2.a, totaling 265.46 kgCO2 eq./m2.a coming from the residential buildings of the stage 01 of the Northwest Sector-DF, considering a lifetime of 50 years. Finally, it is considered that architectures that deliberate the use of materials with greater rationality can also indicate buildings with lower impact related to GHG incorporated emission.

Brazilian cities have encountered several difficulties in providing the population with quality public spaces, understood here as those that offer positive experiences in city use, especially in the dimensions of mobility, social interaction, and urban economy. Although the constitutional attribution to execute urban development policies lies with the municipalities, the benefits associated with quality public spaces, also known as dynamic spaces, motivate various social sectors to participate in promoting them. For this purpose, there are instruments of urban law that facilitate the realization of project and management of public spaces with the participation of public and private agents. Among these instruments, land subdivision stands out as the starting point for structuring public spaces. Facing this problem, the study aimed to identify project guidelines and management responsibilities to make urban land subdivisions promoters of urban spatial quality. To do so, the concept of public space, its functions, typologies, and what defines urban dynamism were explored, as well as the instruments of urban law. Three main aspects were discussed: how the land subdivision norm can promote the incorporation of project guidelines to achieve the urban characteristics that define spatial urban quality; how it can promote improvements in spatial management through definitions of responsibility distribution, and how the code of postures can become the instrument that concentrates norms for project and management of public spaces in partnership between public and private sectors. The method approached the project dimension by constructing tables with urban characteristics and urban project guidelines highlighted in specialized literature as facilitators of urban dynamism. In the management dimension, synthesis tables of urban law instruments associated with the modalities of 'controlled access allotments' and ‘condominium of lots’ were also constructed. The findings are used to evaluate the project of the 'Cidade Urbitá' neighborhood, to be implemented in Brasília/DF/Brazil, regarding the sufficiency of guidelines for promoting the dynamism of public spaces. As contributions, the work proposes recommendations for the improvement of regulations related to land subdivision in order to promote the quality of public spaces.

Occupations or human settlements, located in peri-urban areas of Latin America, are places with diverse potential in terms of geography and atmospheric conditions, but at the same time they are scenarios with various problems, such as lack of urban greenery, socio-territorial inequality and socio-environmental injustice. This research encourages reflection on the socio-environmental and socio-ecological importance of open spaces in the context of the peripheries of Latin American capitals, specifically in the Santa Luzia Occupation in Brasilia-DF, Brazil and the Cerro Verde human settlement in Lima, Peru. The objective of this research is the proposition of socio-ecological parameters or patterns (ALEXANDER, et al, 1977) (ANDRADE, 2014) identified through the Landscapes of the South (VERÍSSIMO, et al, 2020), with the aim of improving the socio-environmental quality of life of the inhabitants who have historically been relegated and neglected by the state. Through a theoretical perspective that criticizes the current modern, capitalist and patriarchal system justified by its ability to place us from an appropriate perspective, different and critical to the Eurocentric and hegemonic within the area of architecture and urbanism, specifically Landscape Architecture, which inferiorizes knowledge and other landscapes. Exalting popular participation and selforganization through Ecofeminism (SHIVA; MIES, 1993). In addition, urban planning, landscaping, environment, right to the city, right to environmental quality, justice and environmental racism, among other tangential issues necessary to understand the research problem and case studies, and therefore achieve more feminist, just, healthy and solidary cities, are critically observed.

The countries share the same mission: the reduction of energy consumption and the search for solutions for sustainable development. Among the challenges of this path, energy efficiency stands out as a solution for the energy transition and as a more economical alternative to meet energy demand. Within the scope of energy efficiency, it can be considered that for hospital units there are still gaps to be filled and areas of research and studies, mainly focused on planning and management of energy efficiency measures in these units. Hospitals have characteristic equipment with higher powers than the equipment normally found in commercial and residential buildings, have continuous operation and specific operating characteristics in certain areas, for example, the quality of the environment in operating rooms. In an exploratory study, it was identified that a good part of the literature is focused on passive solutions, insertion of digitization in hospitals for energy control and measurement and data collection for benchmarking development. However, it is essential to obtain tools that help in the planning and management of energy efficiency actions in hospitals. In this sense, the main contribution of this work is to develop the base of a software tool to help managers and technicians in the planning and management of energy efficiency in hospitals.

As soon as the construction of a new capital in the Planalto Central began, an enormous interest in Brasília was awakened, which resulted in an abundant bibliographical production. In a political dispute — involving opposition and criticism, on the one hand, and a counterattack in order to legitimize the transfer of the capital, on the other —, several literary texts were published, which corroborate the changeist discourses, buto also reinforce the criticisms or give rise to new attacks against the ongoing change project. This dissertation takes these literary texts as a source of historical research in Brasilia, analyzing how they contributed to forge a social imaginary of the city, as well as examining the sensibilities revealed by them, which sometimes other historical documents miss, especially those related to the everyday life of the city under construction, which appears represented from different perspectives and narrative focuses.

This paper discusses the housing irregularity of the Federal District and aims to evaluate the district's land regularization policy, focusing on the timeframe initiated with the approval of the current Master Plan for Territorial Planning, Complementary Law No. 803/2009. The background to the construction of the city points to the influence of modernist urbanism on territorial expansion and the origins of the land valuation process. Successive land use plans contrast with the consolidation of informal settlements and show how the growth of the real city interfered with formal planning, as well as highlighting territorial tensions and disputes that persist to this day. The housing policy practiced in the Federal District, characterized for many years by the removal of "invasions" and the distribution of semi-urban lots, has given way to the current guideline that favors the permanence of occupants and the qualification of illegally implanted urban nuclei. Different conceptions of irregularity are presented, as well as some lines of action based on the two paradigms of land regularization that have stood out in Latin America: the Peruvian, centered on the legal regularization of lots; and the Brazilian, aligned with a conception of full land regularization. From this context, the research looks at the approval of the current Urban Land Regularization - Reurb instrument and observes to what extent its implementation has met the demand for housing land regularization in the Federal District. The investigation is guided by a historical approach and presupposes the study of political, social, economic and cultural interfaces, using bibliographical and documentary research to support the reflections. A legal-urban analysis of Reurb is carried out in the light of the national legal system, under the terms of Law No. 13.465/2017 and its antecedents, as well as its application and regulation at the district level. Based on the compilation and cross-referencing of official data, an updated overview of housing irregularities and land regularization processes is presented in order to demonstrate the expressiveness of actions by administrative regions and according to the modalities of the instrument: specific interest (Reurb-E) and social interest (Reurb-S). The studies indicate the contribution of Reurb to tackling informality, although they point to the greater progress and completion of land regularization processes for middle-income occupations, to the detriment of the less privileged groups.

The present study aimed to depict the inherent inequities in professional practice based on the information from the 2nd Census of the Council of Architecture and Urbanism of Brazil – CAU/BR, conducted in 2020, starting from the following hypothesis: the greater the overlap of difference markers of an individual in relation to a normative reference (in the categories of gender, race, and disability), the greater their vulnerabilities throughout their career. When it comes to gender, we tend to talk about women; when it's about race, we think of non-white individuals; and when we speak of bodies, we have an ideal based on ability for a particular model of work. In this research, an inverse approach was adopted, shifting the focus to the white, cisgender, and non-disabled man to demonstrate his privileges in relation to others. Those who deviate from this standard were not marked, and their intersections were not hierarchized, both to simplify the reading of the data and to enable and encourage a convergence of agendas. Conceptualizing categories and then suppressing them, disaggregating data to reaggregate them, deconstructing a canon without proposing new hierarchies, we sought, through a wandering narrative, to conduct an exercise of provocations. We delved into aspects such as discourse, representation, and behavior, contextualized in structured axes derived from a critical grouping of questionnaire questions: 1) identity, 2) income, 3) education, 4) habits and inputs, 5) work, and 6) politics.

In the context of global urban insurgencies waged in the last decade, which marked a cycle of Latin American insurgencies, there was an explosion of Houses of Culture and Cultural Occupations on the outskirts of the Federal District, led by social movements and cultural collectives, which positioned the Periphery in the center of the urban issue, formulating a counter-hegemonic city project, drawn from the inventive and emancipatory power of its practices, knowledge and forms of daily management, which have pointed out new directions and horizons for insurgent and popular planning. However, there is still a theoreticalmethodological void regarding the explosion of peripheral insurgencies in this period, which makes it difficult to evaluate and understand their capabilities, demands, demands and analyze their effects. Thus, this research sought to map the Cultural Occupations and Houses of Culture that emerged in the peripheral territories of the Federal District from 2010 onwards, in order to systematize and understand their sociocultural expressions, forms of action and resistance, agendas of struggle, demands, as well as conflicts. territories that cross them, with the aim of systematizing planning guidelines for inserting Occupations into the PDOT, in order to contribute to its valuation, regularization and permanence processes. To this end, this dissertation incorporated the methodology of action research, which was carried out in four phases – permeated by cartography: (1) analysis and evaluation of cultural policy instruments and PDOT/2009; (2) cartography of territories (practices, conflicts and general demands); (3) Articulation meetings in Cultural Occupations (survey of specific problems/demands); (4) planning guidelines for entering Occupations into PDOT. This process revealed how collectives and Cultural Occupations have been giving public visibility to their common agendas and demands, which explain a central gap in urban planning in the DF: the lack of urban instruments aimed at the valorization, regularization and permanence of their territories, marked by the condition of invisibility and permanent threat, legitimized by the selective application of urban legislation. Thus, six Meetings were held monthly in different Occupations, where most of the demands revolved around mapping, surveying and systematizing information about these territories. In this process, cartography acted as an instrument of social mobilization and incorporated part of the demands raised, aiming to contribute, instrumentalize and enhance the struggle for the collectives' right to the city. Finally, aiming to address the demands raised and encourage, strengthen and value the sociocultural practices of the Occupations, grouped into the six fronts of action that were decoded in this research, such as: artistic and cultural expressions; popular education; health and self-care; solidarity networks; socio-environmental practice; and popular economy/income generation; five thematic axes of planning guidelines were generated, which insert and incorporate Cultural Occupations in the PDOT, in an intersectoral and transversal way, in the various aspects that make up and guide territorial planning, such as: (1) Zoning, Use and Occupation of Land; (2) Sustainable Economic Development; (3) Community and social facilities; (4) Land Regularization; and (6) Information System. These guidelines recognize Cultural Occupations as vectors of socio-spatial transformation, inserting them as drivers of the urban, social, economic and environmental development policy of the Federal District.

There are lost links between nature and man that have been building throughout history, making people more dominating than partners of nature (THOMAS, 1989). In cities, it is observed the disregard of ecological characteristics to locate green areas with prevalence of the relationships between densities and presence of these spaces that have emphasis on the function of social integration (BEZERRA et al, 2016). These areas are routinely decorative spaces and accessories that contribute little to the preservation of the ecosystem and/or the provision of environmental services (SPIRN, 1995). In view of this problem and identified the gap in the discussion of an ecologically based urban green areas system (UGAS), the research aims to establish criteria of an ecosystem and urban nature for the implementation of urban green areas systems, as well as urban-environmental instruments that favor its implementation and management. It states that the need to renaturalize cities finds in the landscape ecology bases to define the criteria that should support the studies of an ecological UGAS such as: connectivity, multifunctionality multiscale, interdisciplinarity, social participation, promotion of biodiversity and permeability. It studies the environmental and urban normative bases of several Brazilian cities, allowing the identification of cities with UGAS’s with some degree of implementation (especially São Paulo and Campinas), as well as environmental and urban instruments that can support the implementation of a UGAS. It verifies through the landscape metrics method the UGAS's of these cities regarding the applicability of the defined criteria and finally, presents the technical procedures to be performed for the structuring of an ecological-based UGAS with potential for the provision of urban ecosystem services.

This work proposes ways for a Sound’s sensitive Brasilia. With the purpose of deepening the urban-sound debate and its social implications, we sought to study the nocturnal soundscape of Brasilia, focusing on the Plano Piloto. A soundscape at the same time unique and so common to large cities, in which different elements, perceptions and uses coexists, sometimes conflicting such as rest and nightlife. Understanding the relationship between sound and urban space, therefore, considered both the objectives (morphological, physical, environmental, acoustic) and subjectives (perceptual, political and social) aspects, taking into account both the material aspects and those that bring an important load of the subjects' perception. The development of the work is justified by the fact that, despite the peaceful sound ambience of the city, night noise (from bars, restaurants, nightclubs and other establishments that operate during this period) is currently a relevant nuisance factor for a portion of the population residing in the Plano Piloto’s Superblocks, verified in records of complaints to the Federal District Government bodies and in recurrent conflicts between residents, owners and users of bars and cultural producers. Such clashes result, among other factors, from the growth of nighttime leisure activities in the Commercial Interblocks and the proximity and relative position between these and some residential blocks in the superblocks. We take as a hypothesis the idea that urban planning seen only in its physical and functional aspects, as it usually happens, is incapable of dealing with the resolution of social conflicts. In addition, the morphology of the city brings configurational aspects that directly influence the comfort of users in relation to environmental elements (sun/solation, light/illumination, wind/ventilation and sound/acoustics). Thus, the main objective of this Doctoral Thesis is to point out ways to make possible and healthy the coexistence between nighttime leisure and rest in the Pilot Plan of Brasilia, proposing guidelines and recommendations for an urban planning sensitive to sounds. To achieve this goal, we also seek to: Discuss the role of environmental balance and urban vitality for life’s quality and sustainable urban design; List the legal and normative instruments that can favor sound-sensitive urban planning; Understand the nocturnal soundscape of the residential scale of the Plano Piloto in Brasilia; Highlight the specificities of the Acoustic Design process in urban space, starting from the study of sound and its impacts on human health and comfort. Finally, we present recommendations for the acoustic design process from the urban scale to the environment scale, including the building, aiming to create urban and architectural spaces with greater sound comfort and that combine urban vitality and environmental balance.

Modern architecture conservation initiatives expanded internationally in the 1990s, under the leadership of Docomomo organization, favouring the concept and design of works linked to the Modern Movement. In the 2000s, another view on the subject emerged, and culminated in the formation of Icomos International Scientific Committee on 20th Century Heritage – which started to consider the conservation of buildings from a broader time frame, with a wider range of value attributes, including their history and their materiality. This view gained momentum in the last decade, and the issuing of the Madrid-New Delhi Document in 2017 is a milestone of that process. Thus, the state-of-the-art for 20th century heritage conservation acknowledges its full insertion in the conservation field and recognizes its diversity of values and value attributes. This thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of those issues and to more precise professional practices, by analysing the recognition and preservation of age value in 32 buildings, built from 1901 to 1991, spread across nine Brazilian states. Age value is a key concept in Alois Riegl’s concurrent values theory from 1903, that remains a landmark in contemporary conservation thought. The first part of the thesis demonstrates how age value has arisen and changed during Riegl's last years, in its relation to his concepts of atmosphere (Stimmung) and attention (Aufmerksamkeit), departing from an emphasis on natural time and arriving at the emphasis in human continuity, and manifesting itself through weathering, obsolescence and intentional changes in buildings. The case studies in the second part of the text explore those three attributes in a practical way, identifying many cases in which age value is relevant and liable to be conserved. Weathering-related age value varies according to building materials, to the architectural element in which these are used, and the building in which the latter takes part; it can exist in modern or traditional, fragile or resistant materials; it may be in correspondence or in conflict with design intent; and it can spring from mass-produced items, making them unique. Obsolescence-related age value can manifest itself in outdated standards, unfashionable appearance, or lost functions of buildings; the ambiguity and friction between times are a source of interest for the public. Change-related age value is less common than the other ones; it becomes visible as a type of formal complexity or contradiction, and its recognition depends on one’s sensitivity to these features. Finally, age value conservation depends on the recognition of the importance of buildings, within heritage agencies and outside of them, before and after their listing; it also depends on whether or not the conservation concepts of the professionals involved in its safeguarding recognize its materiality and its history as being relevant.

Faced with the indisputable finitude of basic raw materials for the civil construction industry and the problem caused by global warming, the incorporation of sustainability in its components helps and provides information for the analysis and selection of materials. In the context of building sustainability, the material selection process is currently emerging as a necessary premise for the sustainability of the built environment. In this thesis, we started from the premise that proposing a sustainable built environment implies, mainly, a closer articulation of materials, based on pre-established requirements, in coherence with new technological demands. In this context, the main purpose of the research was to develop a methodology to help the selection and development of materials in the light of sustainability, practical and accessible to the theoretical knowledge of the interested parties. The methodological structure is based on Life Cycle Thinking (LCT), in which sustainability indicators such as the amount of polluting emissions and embodied energy are measured and evaluated. The objective of the methodology is to provide a practical tool for analyzing the environmental performance of building materials. The methodological scope does not consist in determining whether the building material is sustainable or not, but how much this material can become sustainable. The methodology for evaluating the environmental performance of building materials, called Methodology (EPBMC): identifies, directs, evaluates and presents environmental improvements, considering pre-established sustainability indicators. The Methodology establishes the (Ipe) environmental performance index, and proposes a graphic scale, to determine the level of environmental performance that can vary from 0% to 100%. The methodology classifies environmental performance as: very low, low, medium, high and advanced. Its structure consists of 7 sequential and interdependent stages, and was conceived with the purpose of seeking opportunities for environmental improvements in the component or material of civil construction. As study material, the interlocking concrete pavement block was adopted for the application of the methodology. The proposal for environmental improvements in the pavement block, presented a reduction of 51,29% or about 9,48 kgCO₂/m², for CO₂ polluting emissions and a reduction of 27,98% of embodied energy (EI), or about of 31,26 MJ/m².

There is no consensus that the term resilience has the same origin. In Brazil, it is believed that the word originated from the exact sciences. The word resilience comes from the Latin word resílio, resilire, which means "to retreat". The term is widely used in the human sciences and psychology. In psychology publications, the reference to resilience started to be used. The concept was developed and introduced in ecological scientific research by Holling, in the 1970s, associated with ecosystems. Holling presented the term as a measure of the ability of systems to absorb changes and disturbances without losing the ties between their constituent elements. After being widely used in the areas of psychology and ecology, it began to be used in matters related to disasters and organizational management of cities. However, this concept has been expanded and today, when talking about urban resilience, or resilience in urban mobility, the concept can be defined as the capacity of a system to maintain its functionality under interruptions, time and resources necessary to restore the level of performance after interruptions. The researchers agree that the city, as a dynamic entity, is not considered just an ecological system, but a social system, therefore a dynamic and socio-ecological system, as it undergoes constant processes of change and adaptation. For a city to maintain its dynamics, its mobility system has to be working in a very balanced way. There are several systems that make up urban mobility, among them the road system stands out, which, in a simple way, is the set of streets and avenues of a city. The road system is one of the most important and necessary elements that make up the urban space. Studying and evaluating a city's road system based on the concept of resilience means understanding how, even when part of the main road is interrupted, the city manages to maintain its circulation through other roads, even if they do not have the same characteristics, but the city manages to maintain its operation. This thesis has the main purpose of composing a theoretical framework on resilience, urban mobility and the road system, and supported by spatial analysis tools, to provide procedures in a methodological way that, in any interruption in the road of a city, the procedures described here can serve of assistance in carrying out interventions and detours on the road that will be able to maintain displacements in a resilient way without major damage to the functioning of the city. Assessing resilience in the road system is a planning support tool that allows the city to continue functioning even when part of its main road system is interrupted.

Carrying out integrated public policy actions for local productive arrangements is one of the strategies of the Federal Government of Brazil to promote regional development (BRASIL, 2004). However, the context of current market instability poses difficulties for the development of this policy. This context of uncertainties encompasses social and environmental problems that are not resolved with traditional solutions, requiring productive agglomerations to be strong, sustainable and less vulnerable to the risks characteristic of constant transformations. They need to be strong, consolidated. Therefore, the problem proposed for this research is how to consolidate a productive agglomeration, making it more competitive in the market? One of the significant aspects for the consolidation of the productive agglomerate to occur and the increase of competitiveness is the decision-making process, that is, its governance. Governance is a device that articulates the coordination of actions between different actors, accommodating conflicting interests to carry out cooperative actions. Therefore, the hypothesis adopted in this research is that the consolidation of a productive agglomeration is the result of a strategy that includes governance actions of productive agglomerations composed of both corporate governance and cluster management resources. This strategy is the means to ensure greater use of the potential of agglomerations beyond the geographic advantage. And the objective of the thesis is the design of a corporate governance structure for productive clusters (EGCAP), which includes governance actions for productive clusters, also composed of cluster management resources and which seeks the consolidation of this cluster. For this, a base structure was designed with elements collected in the literature and the Lean Product Process, created by Dan Olsen (2015), was applied to adjust this structure as a product/service to the market. One of the steps in this process is the MVP test, which was carried out based on interviews with entrepreneurs from productive clusters in Aparecida de Goiânia. As a result, it was observed the adherence of entrepreneurs to the EGCAP proposal, the need to develop a culture of collectivity, the urgency of problems related to the lack of manpower and high turnover and the importance of governance to think strategically in the leverage of the cluster.

Throughout 11 years of the Brazilian housing program named Minha Casa, Minha Vida - PMCMV (2009 to 2020), a vast amount of resources has been available for its different subprograms, resulting in a large number of new housing units. Thus, the program enabled the country to mobilize, in a relatively brief period, resources and a productive structure capable of facing its serious housing problem. However, many critics have pointed out problems regarding the location of housing, low quality projects and their subtle contribution to the life of cities and people. For the most part, the PMCMV subprogram called Entidades (PMCMV-E) has been spared from such criticism, even though it represents a small portion of the PMCMV - this being, in fact, a sensitive point of criticism. This work researches social housing policies and aims to dialogue with the specialized literature on the subject, especially those that address how entities manage the entire process of approval and construction of housing units. It studies the PMCMV, focusing on its subprogram Entidades (PMCMV-E), which had the greatest possibility of implementing projects as well as work processes that deviate from the prevailing standards of popular social housing. In this sense, this work studies the relevance of PMCMV-E within the entire housing program, its advances, limitations and challenges - the latter referred here as crossroads. Posing as investigation questions (i) the development of the subprogram, considering its original proposals related to entities construction management; the difficulties and the limits inherent to programs managed by entities; the constraints imposed by the specific rules of the PMCMV and the strategies adopted by the entities to overtake them; the incentives to expand and gains in efficiency/effectiveness that could be offered to the subprogram; the structural and conjunctural reasons for the limited scale. To explore these questions, a set of procedures and methods were adopted, such as, the study of the bibliography related to housing, as well as to the theoretical and empirical issues of entities management programs, and to the PMCMV in general and Entidades specifically; study of PMCMV regulations, reports from the Ministério das Cidades and Caixa Econômica Federal; interviews with stakeholders in the implementation of the program, such as entities coordinators, members of technical advisory services to entities, etc.; and analysis of projects, photographs and aerial images of housing units and their location; and field research in location selected due to analytical interest. Among the results obtained, it is to be mentiong the organization and discussion of fundamental aspects pointed out as positives and negatives of the subprogram in light of the critical literature, and the organization of proposals to improve procedures, expand the scope of the subprogram, etc. In this way, the research intends to contribute to the deepening of reflection and critical knowledge of the policies and praxis of entities management housing as a public policy of the State.

The current process of calculating the depreciation of real estate is established according to variables such as the state of conservation and the useful life of building systems or materials, without analyzing the effective degradation, performance or obsolescence of these components. Simple inspections, with a team ofproperly trained technicians, can collect data on the state of conservation and time of use, important for investment and preservation of residential, commercial, institutional, industrial assets, historical heritage and even works of art. In addition to the low cost of implementation, this type of inspection is widely disseminated in several research centers around the world, including in regions with difficult access to technologies or sensors for control. This research proposes two goals: the first is the numerical model for the calculation of performance in its various levels, based on the degradation value obtained during the building inspection; the second goal, the certification process with the contribution of this model in the life cycle of the enterprise to assist in the management process of the built environment. Before these goals, however, it is necessary to present the life cycle of the built environment and the association between performance and degradation, obsolescence and depreciation. The perspective is to pay attention to the justified possibility of preserving residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, historical heritage, works of art and thus establish a sustainable line in the construction industry. By deepening the knowledge about the state of conservation of the asset and its time of use to attract investment, the process proposed in this research allows the entire decision chain on degradation, obsolescence, performance and depreciation to be analyzed step by step, whether it is isolated building systems or enterprises in a global way.

Industrial heritage has achieved considerable interest in Brazil, including on relationship with the landscape, through various aspects and approaches. This stems from the processes of deindustrialization or economic restructuring that resulted in varied testimonies, generally abandoned or forgotten and whose protection has been slow and conflicting in view of their vulnerability. Also, in the face of political and economic pressures to reoccupy areas with new developments, in which the agencies protection often does not have decision-making power. Thus, considering the dilemmas and challenges of preserving industrial legacies today, this thesis proposes an analysis of the landscape, based on the industrial material and infrastructure legacy of the municipality of Cubatão-SP, as a way of contributing to the debate on facing the possibilities of preservation and recognition of industrial landscapes. In Cubatão, the formation of industrial heritage is related to the factors of its location as an important connector between the port of Santos and a broader hinterland, since the 17th century, as well as the formation of an industrial center from 1950. Howevwer, the same time these factors allowed a concentration of industrial testimonies of high patrimonial value, they also implied a strong pressure related to the expansion and modernization of the Port of Santos, the transport routes and the pole itself, with the continuous destruction of landmarks of the industrialization of the region and, the erasure of places and memories related to the industrial process. Added to these factors, the environmental issues that stigmatized Cubatão as “Death Valley”, led to a narrative focused on environmental destruction, making it difficult for the residents themselves to identify with the landscape when reacting to the industry. Therefore, we carried out an analysis of the formation of the region's landscape as well as the construction of the resulting environmental narrative; we proceeded to survey the industrial material legacy and the perception that this legacy has in its relationship with the landscape, generally focused on nature and, in an imaginative perception, of what one wants to see, and not in reality and, also, in affective memories from places of working life. It was found that the challenges of preserving industrial testimonies in the region go beyond local issues and are placed on a territorial scale, where new conditions for valuing industrial legacies or their preservation can be considered both for active testimonies and for those abandoned or forgotten. or even, places of historical importance related to industrialization, from the recognition of the different landscapes that are related there or are a result of the regional industrialization process, but not yet understood in the cultural perspective or in the field of cultural heritage.

This work consists of a research on the processes of occupation and transformation of the territory of the Federal District, located in the Central-West region of Brazil. The focus is shifted from the main center, known as the Pilot Plan of Brasília, and concentrated on the Administrative Region of Taguatinga (RA III), founded in 1958, two years before the inauguration of the new capital. Initially created as a satellite city, situated on the west of the established greenbelt to protect the central area, Taguatinga developed as a secondary nucleus, both geographically and symbolically as the periphery. However, the research takes as a starting point evidence of the relevance of this administrative region in the configuration of the territory and the presence of significant attractive forces, presenting an alternative possibility of analysis, beyond the peripheral and neglected role of what is understood as Brasília. The purpose was to analyze the actions and processes that led to the formation and growth of Taguatinga within the western region of the Federal District, as well as its relationship with adjacent localities. It also sought to identify key elements of its materiality that could serve as a basis for understanding its current spatial configuration. To achieve this, a bibliographic review was conducted covering general themes related to the research, with a focus on the history of urbanization and planning in Taguatinga and the Federal District, presented throughout three chapters. This was complemented by the production of maps that demonstrate the occupation of the territory over time. Primary and secondary sources were consulted, such as projects, plans, and official records related to the city, as well as cadastral maps, documents provided by the Administration of the RA, and reports from Revista Brasília (a magazine linked between 1957 and 1960), in addition to photographs that aided in identifying the presence, absences, and transformations of space and its elements over the years. Among the main conclusions, it is highlighted that, although the Pilot Plan played the role of the mother city and configured the main centrality, over time, Taguatinga established itself as a second growth pole of the metropolis. From it, an extensive urban area was formed that now houses the majority of the population of the Federal District. Taguatinga also became a second centrality due to its spatial location and the historical process of growth in relation to the agglomerations around it, in addition to the concentration of commercial and service activities that attract the population from the entire region.

This thesis relates the concepts of urban segregation, socio-spatial segregation and school segregation through the lens of the place of public schools in the urban landscape. In this study, we use Brasília as a case study, discussing the current dynamics of neighborhood units, an urban principle widely applied to satellite cities of the federal capital, aiming to investigate how the mechanisms of spoliation and location reservation act on socio-spatial segregation. The research critically examines the role of public schools in the urban landscape and the way in which urban design choices related to the Neighborhood Unit paradigm affect the relationships between city, neighborhood, neighborhood and school. To this end, we used a mixed, qualitative and quantitative methodology, combining: historical analysis of neighborhood units in the Plano Piloto, as well as their influence on the positioning of public teaching equipment in other neighborhoods of the city – Ceilândia, Sudoeste and Águas Claras; in addition to mapping the daily flow of students from the public education network in Brasília, through the analysis of the enrollment register of the public education network in the Distrito Federal. The objective was to build a cartography with legible images of the space that facilitate the articulation of quantitative and qualitative approaches to the effects of segregation, a research and analysis strategy that is not very common among studies that deal with the topic. The study demonstrates that neighborhood units function as planned in peripheral communities, while in higher-income neighborhoods the centrality of the school dissolves, as these populations preferably opt for private schools. Furthermore, there are families from peripheral neighborhoods who recognize the neighborhood effect in their neighborhood units and create mechanisms to overcome barriers and access schools where institutional mechanisms are less harmful. Even though these strategies are costly in terms of time expenditure, as they require children to routinely travel long distances. The results found reinforce the thesis that urban segregation is a complex spatio-temporal process and that the analysis of this phenomenon from non-traditional perspectives, such as the historical analysis of the mechanisms of space production and the reading of changes in the city's dynamics due to the flow diary of people to school, can contribute to the construction of urban studies and thinking about urban segregation.

The international community faces a broad variety of challenges due to the rapid and unrestrained growth of global urbanization since the latter half of the twentieth century. As a result, demand for more sustainable cities has developed in recent decades, and international “urban agendas” have emerged in the public policy process to mitigate the negative effects of this development. However, the fundamental strategies for implementing and monitoring urban development differ significantly across distinct local contexts. In the global north, where the majority of agendas are developed, typically proposed implementation and management tools can be adequate. However, emerging economies in the global south often face challenges in implementing similar strategies, particularly in the identification of suitable indicators and the acquisition of reliable monitoring data. To combat the issue, this thesis aims to create a contextually appropriate spectrum of indicators for communities of the global south and propose development strategies to support cities and municipalities in evaluating the effectiveness of international urban agendas. The methodology consists of an analysis and critical assessment of instruments of non-binding doctrinaire documents for implementation, followed by a selection process to determine feasible and effective indicators to benchmark and measure sustainable urban development. The derived pilot indicator spectrum spans four distinct sectors (Energy, Solid Waste, Transportation, and Water). The spectrum is assessed by conducting a global survey, polling international municipal experts of developing cities and municipalities in the global south. A trial application of the indicator spectrum is then conducted. The results revealed a lack of effective local governance, preparedness, and management tools in developing countries. This indicates a request for new sets of indicators designed specifically for the global south, although a definite common “southern” indicator set can only be partially determined. Therefore, the thesis recommends using an adaptive proxy approach for new indicator sets, reflecting three levels of urban development and an embracing mix of up to seven indicators per sector. This adaptive approach enables local municipalities and regional organizations of the global south to compare data from before, during, and after the implementation of local urban agendas to assist on-site policy making. It would also facilitate the comparison of southern municipalities at different developmental levels with similar urban agendas, who may want to collaborate to identify best practices together or compete for international funding.

Ideas for designs, just like dreams, are visual representations that arise in people’s psyche with the purpose of revealing their innermost depths and designs. Thus, building on the premise that design ideas and dreams have similar origins and share similar features in one’s psyche, this study seeks to develop a process to interpret sketches by revisiting Freud's method for the interpretation of dreams. The aim is to contribute to understanding architectural designs, or works of art, and reading the intentions that are implicit in these designs and are capable of establishing a connection with observers. The study will be conducted in such a way that (1) the purpose of a design is identified as a tool for creation and, sometimes, a work of art; (2) the emergence of an idea in an architect’s psyche is explained from a Freudian psychoanalytic perspective, with a view to understanding how the design's idea arises in the psyche of architects; (3) the parallel between dreams, the manifest content of dreams, and the latent content of dreams is exposed, according to Freud's theories, and so are the ideas behind designs, sketches, and the latency of sketches in architecture, respectively; and (4) the process of interpreting architectural sketches is applied in a practical way, in order to identify the intentions that are intrinsic to each design. With that in mind, we have selected Lina Bo Bardi's designs for the Beach House and the Espírito Santo do Cerrado Church, as well as Oscar Niemeyer's designs for the Henrique Xavier Residence and the Brasilia Cathedral. We have found that a design is able to reveal its intentions through the idea for that design and the meanings of its strokes; and to transform beings and the space around them, acting as an object for transformative artistic creation.

The present work aims to assist in the management and management decisions in the context of the conservation of architectural heritage, especially the heritage of Brasilia or even other immovable properties from the adaptation of inspection methodologies. The methodology used consists of adapting the method of NBR 16747, IBAPE Standard, GUT Method, Dutch Standard, MAEC and GADH, to obtain the state of conservation of the systems and subsystems, therefore, the general state of the buildings. For this, two buildings of the superquadras in the Plano Piloto of Brasília, a landmark of architecture and modern urbanism, were taken as a sample. With the study, the particularities and needs of adjustment of the methodologies were verified, where the non-use of the extension parameter to classify the anomalies resulted in the exacerbation of the state of conservation, even if the system still presents performance and utility. It was concluded the importance of the elaboration of the diagnosis of the state of conservation of the buildings as an instrument of support in the patrimonial management, with the purpose of instructing the management of use, operation and maintenance of the building, with the results obtained, it is possible to identify the state of conservation of building components and their global state, the use of this information helps the property managers in making decisions regarding the priority for the application of resources in the preventive or corrective maintenance of the systems.

The present work aims to present an adaptation to the Ross-Heidecke model used to calculate the depreciation of buildings, including the obsolescence coefficient. From the bibliographic review on the usual methodologies for calculating depreciation and the importance of conservation of modern heritage, the main definitions and types of obsolescence and its risk for construction systems will be addressed. The proposed methodology consists of the integration of the obsolescence coefficient in the calculation of the depreciation of buildings, in addition to the adaptation of the conservation coefficient from the parameterization of the Dutch standard for building inspection carried out by Martinatti (2021) and regarding the segregation of the evaluation through division by systems , attributing to each one the real age, useful life and weighting as presented by Braga (2015). Two typical residential buildings on the  Superquadra 108 Sul in Brasília, a landmark of modern architecture and urbanism and considered Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, were taken as a sample. With the study, it was concluded that the inclusion of the obsolescence coefficient to determine the depreciation of buildings is fundamental, since it helps to develop a more accurate assessment, resulting in the reduction of subjectivity. 

The Industrial Revolution provided mechanization and production process simplification, leading to increased food output to meet population demand and the rapid and disorderly growth of cities. The price of urban expansion has been the intensification in natural resources extraction and uses, with inadequacy of infrastructure to meet new socio-spatial arrangements. The circular economy emerges as an alternative to replace the linear model of production and consumption. It has been included, by the United Nations, in the objectives of sustainable development, presenting great potential to maintain the environment integrity. Circular economy rethinks the flow of resources - such as water, energy and, mainly, urban waste, replacing the end-of-life concept with restoration and regeneration throughout the value chain. The lack of consensus on what constitutes a circular city and the need to discover how and why to use this approach becomes the basis for exploratory research. This work is aimed at contributing to understand and identify ways to facilitate circular economy implementation, by investigating its structure, stakeholders, processes and strategies, from the bibliographic analysis and systematic literature review. It is expected to contribute guidelines, aiming at public managers and other interested parties, to promote circular actions applied to urban space, reducing waste, in addition to identifying gaps in the existing literature and opportunities for future research.

The expographic project presents itself as a border area between architecture and art, which is brokered by the curatorship, established by the space given, and, finally challenged by the spectator. On the one hand, the role of the architect is related to the conception and the encouragement to a ride. On the other hand, the path is a particular way of each observer. This encouragement is determined by the building that hosts the exhibition and it is with punctuated by surprises, symbolic tagging, curatorial perspectives and concepts that lead and provoke the spectator’s view. This study intends to understand how the expographic project teases the spectator, defines the ambiences and contributes to the way he/she will get in touch with the curatorship and the artwork. This case study reports my own professional experience in charge of the expographic project of Transborda Brasília Exhibition – Contemporary Art Award that was hold in 2015, 2016 and 2018. The collections were totally renewed to each edition, compiling artist of Federal District (DF) and vicinities and this renovation was made by different groups of curators along the years. This research focused on the third and last edition, that was set up at the gallery Acervo da Caixa Cultural Brasília (Caixa Cultural Brasília’s Collection). This gallery was chosen because it offers many elements of analysis, such as the reduced number of artists which allowed the inclusion of more artwork by each artist and mainly due to the criteria that guided the expography, based on the materiality of each artwork and the discursivity beyond its spatial intrinsic characteristics.

A hospital environment, in addition to offering health care, must present an architectural organization that promotes comfort to users and is energy efficient. In this context, this dissertation evaluated the thermal and energy performance of the observation room of the naturally ventilated UPA reference project, in three climatic contexts in Brazil (hot-dry, hot-humid and subtropical). The study carried out the following steps: review of the bibliography, specific architectural norms and legislation; characterization and analysis of the object of study; determination of the cities of Brasília, Salvador and Florianópolis, which characterize the aforementioned climates; and, finally, execution, in two phases, of thermoenergetic simulations with the help of the DesignBuilder program. In the first simulation phase, the percentage of hours in thermal comfort (POC) was analyzed, as a function of the neutral temperature index (Tn) and the number of air changes per hour (ACH), to define the project implementation orientation. most appropriate reference for obtaining these renewals. The second part also evaluated the thermal gains of the envelope and the electrical energy demand of the observation room in its basic form (base case) and in scenarios with different proposals for the envelope (coverage and shading). The results showed that, in the climatic context of Brasília and Florianópolis, the naturally ventilated observation room with the architectural interventions suggested in this work achieved satisfactory levels of POC, ACH and energy efficiency. However, for Salvador, only the ACH was satisfactory.

In this work it is presented the company Coimbra Bueno e Cia Ltda together with its founders, the brothers Jeronymo Coimbra Bueno and Abelardo Coimbra Bueno from a perspective that goes beyond the point of view narrated until then from the creation of the capital Goiânia. Its way of acting is revealed through two new cities, Luiziânia, in the interior of São Paulo and, Rubiataba in the interior of Goiás. A comparative analysis is made between the urban plans of these two cities and their foundation histories. The work will discuss the political and social contexts prevailing in the 1930s and 1940s (1929 crisis, Vargas government, March to the West, construction of new roads) that contributed from the academic formation of the brothers to the partnership and influence of the actions of the State in the undertakings and paths traced by the company and the brothers until the end of the 1940s. This work presents many primary sources about the company and the Coimbra Bueno family, showing itself only as an initial clipping that opens the way for new research to regarding the performance of this organization in the face of Brazilian urban historiography.

In the last 20 years, reverberations of the collective demands of the LGBTQIA+ movement in the city of Florianópolis are notable, such as the creation of councils and public policy plans aimed at this population. These initiatives, when implemented, are led under a LGBTQIAfriendly governmental urban marketing, focused on the ideas of "Pink Money" and "Pink Market", whose perverse effect is to displace the people who fought for these agendas in the first place, which are the most subalternized within the LGBTQIA+ community. Using certain methodologies, primarily cartographies and historiographies, I seek to trace the arc of the formation of the LGBTQIA+ spatiality in Florianópolis, from the formation of an organized community to the consolidation of these identity agendas in public programs and policies. From this cartographichistoriographical view, I try to understand how the implementation of these policies are either incomplete, or when carried out, they end up commercializing these identity spaces, exacerbating processes of gentrification and urban inequality through gender, race and class intersections within the LGBTQIA+ community itself.

This research discusses and analyzes three projects by Japanese architect Kazuyo Sejima. The objective is to apprehend the influence of cultural, social-economic, and geographical aspects of Japan in her work, especially in the late 20th century and early 21st century. We will use the architect's trajectory to deepen into her perception of the world, which reverberates in her architectural production and highlights her as an exponent professional of contemporaneity. Thereunto, we will explore the central feature in her work: the relationship between public and private spaces. We focus on housing projects: House in a Plum Grove (2004), in which we will concentrate on constructive aspects of the house, starting from a reinterpretation of the traditional Japanese house in a contemporary scenario; the Gifu Kitagata Apartment Building (2000), to better understand the idea and management of diffuse space, recurrent in her work; and, finally, the Saishunkan Seiyaku Women's Dormitory (1991), which reflects changes in the urban lifestyle in the country. It is a thematic study, not a chronological one, to reflect on Sejima as an architect who designs for the present, once she is highly connected to her context.

Faced with the water supply crisis, between 2016 and 2018 and the high water consumption in Brasilia, concentrated in single-family, high-income, and multi-family homes, middle-high income, a marketing opportunity was presented for the introduction of non-potable water systems as a technological instrument of urban environmental management that stimulates sustainability, quality and efficiency in water use in the built urban environment. Thus, this research aims to increase the costs and benefits involved in the use of on-drinking water building systems in buildings in the Federal District; and to examine the legal framework applicable to the implementation of public policies aimed at encouraging water conservation in buildings; and to smooth out the applicability of different existing financing models for the installation of building non-drinking water systems. A systematic review of the literature was carried out considering the prandial adaptation, costs and benefits involved, the potential of reducing the consumption of drinking water and economic, environmental and social benefits generated; survey of legal and infralegal normative acts relevant to the implementation of non-potable, federal and district water systems;; the variables obtained through the literature review were directly linked to investment decision-making by the target public regarding the implementation of a non-potable water use system, through the SWOT Matrix (FOFA). It was observed that investments in Rainwater Use Systems, SAAP in single-family homes have a payback, ranging from 2 to 14.9 years for high-income households, from 2.8 to 9.4 years for high-middle income, from 15.4 to 23.4 years for lowmiddle income and for low income 16 years to 24.7 years for return on investment. The life of the system is 30 years. Not the case of the Ash Water Reuse Systems, SRAC. The financial economic viability for the use of this system achieves a better efficiency for residence of multifamily members of medium-high income. The water savings reach 65m³/residence/year, equivalent to R$9,858.69/residence throughout the year, and economic benefits of 5.04 R$/m³ of water saved. The set of economic indicators, such as positive LPV, the rate of return lower than the cost of investment and the useful life of equipment higher than the rate of return, both in the SAAP and in the SRAC, points to economic and financial gains for residential and commercial users in relation to the substitution of the use of drinking water. The Strategic Matrix of SWOT pointed out satisfactory results related to gains, environmental, economic and social in the implementation of public policies aimed at the implementation of a system for the use of non-drinking water in homes and commerce. It was concluded that it is necessary to develop public policies directed to the public financing of 100% of the project, with an affordable interest rate, deadlines.

The Brasilia Art Museum building has one of the most ancient and troubled histories in the Federal District of Brazil. Built in the midst of the preparations for the city opening, the building was designed to be the restaurant for the set of five edifications assembled for the Brasília Palace Hotel Annex. In a short time it became underused, being assigned for other miscellaneous purposes, as the Military Forces Club, the Urbanization Company’s Athletic Association and even as a samba concert house, when, finally, in 1985, it was converted into the first venue of the city’s art collection. Despite its relevance to the local culture, the existence of the museum was marked by countless functional and political deadlocks that made the building and its surroundings objects of many projects and adjournments. In 2007, the building was embargoed and its art collection transferred to the newly opened National Museum of the Republic. After almost fourteen years being closed and more than six years under renovation, the Brasilia Art Museum was finally reopened in May 2021, but still few people know its history. Developed between 2015 and 2022, this research began within the scope of the Master in Architecture and Urbanism at the University of Brasilia, however, due to the volume and originality of the first results, it was raised to the title of Doctorate. At the end of 2020, backed up by a governmental fund, was launched and distributed the book MAB: The Brasilia Art Museum since the Brasilia Palace Hotel Annex, with the disclosure of some information from this research. This work, the outcome of more in-depth surveys, is now presented in its completeness, expressively amplified in historical facts and in diversified questions, as well as enriched by documentary and photographic records. Not to mention the introductory and the conclusive parts, the thesis was thought in the form of a multidisciplinary and iconographic anthology, presented in four chapters: the first two, from same periodization, approach the investigations referring to the circumstances of the origins of the building and its territory, and also the genesis of the Brasilia Art Museum itself, from the planning of the new city until the creation of the institution; the third chapter focuses on the historicity of the museum as a confluence of the building, art, institution and city spheres; the fourth and final chapter, comes to reveal biographical excerpts from the trajectory of the building architect, anonymous so far. This study consists, therefore, in the rescue of dispersed memories about an unrecognized heritage, whose histories are intrinsically related to the developments, the impasses and the contradictions of the capital’s brief artistic, architectural and urban planning cultures. The museum’s history carries many stories from Brasília.

Contemporary ergonomics has been challenged to collaborate in different stages of the process to design conception, integrating elements into the project in order to match the user's requirements to the space's characteristics. The methodological approach proposed in ergonomics, the Ergonomic Work Analysis – EWA, of French origin, was built to analyze the work environments, structured in different stages, with the objective of understanding and transforming work situations ensuring safety, health and the comfortof users. However, over time, different studies in ergonomics have demonstrated the usefulness in the process of designing and/or evaluating of projects, as well as in the transformation and adequacy of spaces. The ergonomist's challenges, related to each stage of the project, are to point out the strategic moments of the design process and integrate the requirements of use in a relevant way. The goal of this study is to propose a theoretical reflection on the articulation of the two areas of knowledge - Ergonomics and Architecture, seeking to identify the complementarities and limits of this interface, supported by the analysis of representative models. The authors of the chosen studies were listed due to the recognition of their research with different approaches and their connection with practice, in the context of the process of defining the design needs program, accessibility projects, evaluation of the use and adequacy of spaces. By the examples presented throughout this study, it was possible to illustrate methodological models that integrate the different variables involved in the design project and their feedback processes between the different stages, having as a reference the requirements of the activities to be carried out in the space. In this perspective, by articulating data from the ergonomic methodology with the architectural design process, it allows to identify the categories to collect data based on activities and predictions for the space depending on the project. The structural and, at the same time, articulating character of the activity contributes to the dimensioning of the physical space and the definition of aspects related to the interactions between users and the use of space. The complementary approach of ergonomics, connected to the study through different instruments, allows the comparison of data, supported by the principle of interdisciplinarity, the diversity of variables and the multiplicity of actions. The distinction of the ergonomic analysis approach, in terms of procedures and methodological concepts, highlights the interfaces of ergonomics and architecture

The social housing policies practiced in Brazil have a single alternative for housing provision: construction of housing units for subsidized sale, which characterizes a treatment of housing as a consumer good, as it is associated with the conquest of property. Over the years, this practice has not been able to meet all the housing demand for the low-income population, causing huge queues waiting for homes, encouraging irregular occupation of urban land and maintaining a population living on rent in the private market of outlying subdivisions or in existing informal settlements, in which the government does not act to regulate by mitigating prices for low-income families. On the other hand, social leasing, despite being present in some Brazilian housing plans as an alternative to housing, is still not a widespread policy in Brazil, and its adoption is a change in the perception of housing that is treated as a public service offered. by the state. It was included in the National Housing Policy in 2004, as a result of the vision of technicians in the sector who envisioned for Brazil the results obtained with its application at the international level, where it manages to serve a greater number of people while dialoguing with the policy of urban development. Eighteen years later, this alternative is without greater adherence to the practice of different housing producers and promoters in Brazil. The research focuses on the institutional and normative conditions that lead the different agents involved in housing not to mobilize for its adoption in the country vis a vis what happens in the international experience. The discussion began with a conceptual and theoretical review of social housing, relating it to a consumer good or a service and considering the difficulties of new housing strategies due to the culture of home ownership. It continued with the construction of analysis procedures based on the experiences of social leasing in France, England and the United States, evaluating the intervening agents and observing the strategies and actions capable of promoting the successes and/or obstacles of each social leasing program. It was also observed the actors participating in the production process of Brazilian social housing and the overview of the social rental policy in Brazil, studying the municipalities that contemplate it and what has been done for its implementation. The Social Lease Program in the city of São Paulo was considered for study in Brazil, which has a higher degree of implementation, where the entire network of agents present in the various stages of the program was identified, in addition to its characteristics, actions and urban insertion, in order to contrast the findings with the analysis procedures structured from one of the international experiences: the HLM Program in France. There were several results obtained in terms of learning for the design of a successful program of social rental, highlighting the fact that here, in Brazil, we notice the exclusive presence of public agents, the State, developing the same promotion/regulation functions , management, operation and financing of the program. A different fact occurs in France, where the State has only the functions of regulating/promoting and, sometimes, financing social leasing, while social entities and/or private builders are left with the functions of producing and managing housing units. In this regulatory role, there is also a strong articulation between housing and urban policies, promoting a good insertion of housing in the city structure and supporting urban revitalization projects.

Since the creation of Sketchpad in 1963 by Ivan Sutherland, the computer has been used as a tool in many different types of professions. It would not be different with the study of Architecture. Among the types of technology that were created and used in architecture, we can had the BIM (Building Information Modeling) representations system as one of the most revolutionary and promising means for producing a better represented architecture with fewer possibilities of Error from its conception, going through all the conceptual steps, the processes of legalization of the project and until its construction. However, since the use of the first CAD (Computer Aided Design) systems in Architecture, with all the time and productivity gain that they have generated in Brazil, the process of approving projects and constructions did not evolve by following the computational systems evolution. Even with the possibility of using three-dimensional solids to represent projects, its evaluation through competent legal authorities continues the same, through sheets, containing plans, cuts and elevations. In this context, we performed a study directly on BIM systems, which in its original conception reported the possibility of analyzing a project and its local building laws directly in BIM model. With this we present the possibility of analyzing architectural projects for approval within the BIM system by creating an algorithm with variations for this purpose that may be in the future inserted in the original software or through an application.

The work here presented navigates in the sense of reading the architectural project as an expanded field that longs to dialogue with different disciplines in order to understand its own history and thus, who knows, produce plural and solidary cities. In this context, Paulo Mendes da Rocha's way of thinking offers multiple paths, one of which is his dense presence in architectural competitions (45 participations). Bearing in mind the latency of the construction of an idea based in discourse and drawing these contests provide, there is a vast opportunity of reflections with this architectural potential. Herewith, the prospects open at the idea of discourse and drawing oriented by an intention. Using the architect's own discourse (interviews, texts and memoirs), it is promising to find some constant guidelines, such as the city, history and geography. Then, the hypothesis arises of the possibility of interpretation of Mendes da Rocha's projects in the light of three concepts that permeate architecture and geography. Landscape, territory and space. These concepts are built echoing the thought of Brazilian geographer Milton Santos.