Administrative Region Zero: Urbanism as a Device of Raciality – Brasília, Vila do IAPI (1956– 1971)
Brasília; Device of Raciality; Urban Practices; Oral History; Vila do IAPI.
This research examines the formation of Brasília based on the hypothesis that the racial segregation embedded in the capital's urban structure was not a deviation from the modernist project but rather an integral part of its planning process. To develop this argument, the study begins from the premise that the production of urban space is not accomplished solely through plans, projects, and material interventions. Discourses, images, newspaper reports, and other forms of representation also produce the city by constructing interpretations of particular territories, legitimizing interventions, and establishing specific forms of spatial organization. From this perspective, the dissertation understands these elements as urban practices (Secchi and Farias Filho) and investigates their relationship with the concept of the device of raciality, formulated by Sueli Carneiro. This concept refers to the strategic articulation of discourses, institutions, and mechanisms that produce and sustain racial hierarchies. The study argues that such urban practices participated in the production and naturalization of the racial inequalities inscribed in Brasília's urban space. Within this theoretical framework, Vila do IAPI is taken as the central object of analysis. The research traces its formation, consolidation, and eradication between 1956 and 1971 in order to understand how particular urban practices simultaneously shaped the city's material production and constructed narratives capable of legitimizing processes of segregation, displacement, and erasure. Rather than investigating a single episode in Brasília's history, the study seeks to understand the mechanisms through which certain territories and social groups were incorporated into—or excluded from—the official narrative of the capital's formation. Building on this analysis, the dissertation proposes the notion of Administrative Region Zero as an interpretive framework for the history of Brasília. Vila do IAPI is presented not merely as a settlement that predated the capital in chronological terms, but as a fundamental territory for understanding the processes of occupation, labor, housing, and erasure that shaped the city's formation. This analytical framework serves a dual purpose: to reposition Vila do IAPI within Brasília's urban history and to recognize the central role of Black people in the making of the capital by highlighting presences, trajectories, and forms of city-making that have been historically silenced. By recovering this experience, the research demonstrates that the official narrative of Brasília erased territories and social actors whose existence both preceded and structured the capital itself. Methodologically, the dissertation combines bibliographical and documentary research with an in-depth investigation of archival sources. In addition to analyzing official plans and projects, legislation, and administrative documents, the research undertakes a systematic examination of newspaper articles published in Correio Braziliense, photographs, records produced by different institutions, and oral testimonies preserved by the Public Archive of the Federal District. These materials, often treated as supplementary sources, are instead considered central evidence for the investigation. Rather than serving merely as illustrations of historical events, they are examined as evidence of the disputes surrounding the production of the city, making it possible to confront official narratives, media representations, and the memories of the residents themselves. This methodological approach approximates an archaeology of the archives, privileging the cross-reading of diverse empirical records in order to understand how discourses, images, and testimonies participated in the construction of urban reality and in the consolidation of particular interpretations of Brasília.